Motho ea lemohang bophelo bo botle o lokela ho tseba hore na ke hobane'ng ha k'holeseterole e hlokahala. Le ha 'nete ea hore atherosulinosis e amahanngoa le lentsoe lena, le khetholloang ka ts'ebetso ea ho fokotsa likheo tsa marako a methapo le ho theha li-cholesterol plaque, cholesterol e ntse e le ntho ea bohlokoa bakeng sa' mele.
Khemikhale ena e netefatsa botsitso ba membrane ea sele, e kenya letsoho ho hlahisoeng ha livithamini le lihormone, e ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea methapo, e tlosa chefo, e thibela nts'etsopele ea lihlahala tsa maemo a tlase. O ka tseba ka botlalo hore na mmele o hloka cholesterol nthong ena.
Cholesterol ke eng?
Cholesterol (e tsoang ho "k'holeseterole" ea "Greek" - bile, "stereos" - e tsitsitseng) ke motsoako oa lintho tsa tlhaho o teng kahare ho sele ea lintho tsohle tse teng polaneteng ea rona, ntle le li-mushroom, tseo e seng tsa nyutlelie le limela.
Sena ke joala ba polycyclic lipophilic (mafura) bo ke keng ba qhibiliha ka metsing. E ka senyeha feela ka mafura kapa ntho e sa pheleng. Foromo ea lik'hemik'hale ea ntho ena e latelang: C27H46O. Karolo e qhibilihang ea k'holeseterole e tloha ho likhato tse 148 ho isa ho tse 150 tsa Celsius, ebe e belang - likhato tse 360.
Hoo e ka bang 20% ea k'holeseterole e kena 'meleng oa motho hammoho le lijo,' me 80% e setseng e hlahisoa ke 'mele, e leng liphio, sebete, mala, grenads le gonads.
Mehloli ea k'holeseterole e phahameng ke lijo tse latelang:
- boko - tekanyo ea 1,500 mg ea ntho ka 100 g;
- liphio - 600 mg / 100 g;
- li-yolks tsa lehe - 450 mg / 100 g;
- tlhapi ea tlhapi - 300 mg / 100 g;
- botoro - 2015 mg / 100 g;
- crayfish - 200 mg / 100 g;
- shrimp le Crab - 150 mg / 100g;
- carp - 185 mg / 100g;
- mafura (nama ea khomo le nama ea kolobe) - 110 mg / 100 g;
- nama ea kolobe - 100 mg / 100g.
Nalane ea ho sibolloa ha ntho ena e khutlela morao koana lekholong la XVIII la khale, ha P. de la Salle ka 1769 a ntša konteraka ho li-gallstones, tse nang le thepa ea mafura. Ka nako eo, rasaense o ne a sa khone ho tseba hore na ke ntho ea mofuta ofe.
Lilemo tse 20 hamorao, rasaense oa Lefora A. Fourcroix o ile a ntša cholesterol e hloekileng. Lebitso la kajeno la ntho ena le fanoe ke rasaense ea bitsoang M. Chevreul ka 1815.
Hamorao ka 1859, M. Berthelot o ile a supa komporo sehlopheng sa li-alcohols, ke ka lebaka leo ka linako tse ling e bitsoang cholesterol.
Hobaneng ha mmele o hloka cholesterol?
Cholesterol ke ntho e hlokahalang bakeng sa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea setho se seng le se seng.
Mosebetsi oa eona o ka sehloohong ke ho tsitsisa membrane ea plasma. K'holera ke karolo ea membrane ea sele 'me e e fa botsitso.
Sena se bakoa ke keketseho ea letsoalo la limolek'hule tsa phospholipid.
Lintlha tse latelang ke tse khahlisang tse senolang 'nete, ke hobaneng ha re hloka cholesterol' meleng oa motho:
- E ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea methapo. Cholesterol ke karolo ea nerve fiber sheath, e etselitsoeng ho sireletsa khahlanong le tšusumetso ea kantle. Karolo e tloaelehileng ea taba e thatafalletsa ts'ebetso ea methapo ea kutlo. Haeba ka lebaka le itseng 'mele o haelloa ke cholesterol, ho se sebetse hantle hantle tsamaisong ea methapo ea kutlo ho bonoe.
- E hlahisa phello ea antioxidant mme e tlosa lintho tse chefo mmeleng. Cholesterol e sireletsa lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, ho pepeseng le chefo e fapaneng. E ka boela ea bitsoa antioxidant, hobane E eketsa ho hanyetsa hoa mmele oa hau ho livaerase le tšoaetso.
- E nka karolo ho hlahiseng livithamini le lihormone tse sa sebetseng hantle. Karolo e ikhethang e fuoa tlhahiso ea li-vithamine D, hammoho le lihormone tsa thobalano le li-steroid - cortisol, testosterone, estrogen le aldosterone. Cholesterol e kenella tlhahisong ea vithamine K, e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho thekha mali.
- E fana ka lipalangoang tsa lintho tse sebetsang. Ts'ebetso ena ke ho fetisoa ha lintho kahara membrane ea sele.
Ho feta moo, ho nka karolo ha cholesterol ho thibela ho etsoa hoa tumello ea mofetše.
Boemong bo tloaelehileng ba lipoprotein, ts'ebetso ea ho fifala ha li-benign neoplasms ho tse mpe e emisoa.
Phapang ke efe pakeng tsa HDL le LDL?
Cholesterol ha e qhibilihe maling, e tsamaisoa ka mali ho tsoa linthong tse khethehileng - lipoprotein. Li-lipoprotein tse nang le "high-density lipoprotein" (HDL), eo hape e bitsoang cholesterol e ntle "le lipoprotein tse tlase" (LDL), kapa cholesterol "e mpe" e lokela ho khetholloa.
HDL e ikarabella bakeng sa ho tsamaisa lipids ho lijana, sebopeho sa sele le mesifa ea pelo, moo synthesis ea bile e bonoang. Hang ha e le "moo e eang", cholesterol e ea senyeha mme e ntšoa 'meleng. Li-lipoprotein tse phahameng tsa boima ba limolek'hule li nkuoa li le "ntle" hobane ha li atherogenic (ha li lebise ho thehoeng hoa litoeba tsa atherosulinotic).
Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa LDL ke ho fetisetsa lipids ho tsoa ho sebete ho litho tsohle tsa ka hare tsa 'mele. Ho feta moo, ho na le kamano e tobileng pakeng tsa palo ea LDL le mafu a atherosulinotic. Kaha li-lipoprotein tse boima ba limolek'hule ha li qhibilihe maling, ho fetella ha tsona ho lebisa ho theheng hoa kholo ea cholesterol le li-plaque maboteng a ka hare a methapo ea methapo.
Ho hlokahala hape ho hopola ho ba teng ha triglycerides, kapa lipids tse sa jeleng paate. Li tsoa ho mafura acid le glycerin. Ha triglycerides e kopantsoe le cholesterol, mafura a mali a thehoa - mehloli ea matla bakeng sa 'mele oa motho.
Tloaelo ea cholesterol maling
Mofetoleli oa sephetho sa liteko hangata o na le sesupo se kang mmol / L. Teko ea cholesterol e tsebahalang haholo ke profid ea lipid. Setsebi se fana ka maikutlo a thuto ena bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere le belaelloang, lefu la pelo le ho nyekeloa ke sebete, boteng ba khatello e phahameng ea mali.
Tekanyo e nepahetseng ea cholesterol maling ha e fetang 5.2 mmol / L. Ho feta moo, boemo bo lumelletsoeng ka botlalo bo tsoa ho 5.2 ho isa ho 6.2 mmol / L. Haeba liphetho tsa tlhahlobo li feta 6,2 mmol / l, sena se ka supa mafu a tebileng.
Bakeng sa ho khopamisa sephetho sa lipatlisiso, ho hlokahala hore u latele melao ea boitokisetso ba tlhahlobo. Ho thibetsoe ho ja lijo lihora tse 9-12 pele ho sampuli ea mali, ka hona e etsoa hoseng. Tee le kofi le tsona li tla tlameha ho tloheloa ka nakoana; ke metsi feela a lumelloang ho nooa. Mokuli ea sebelisang meriana o lokela ho tsebisa ngaka ka sena ntle le ho hlaka.
Karolo ea k'holeseterole e baloa motheong oa matšoao a 'maloa - LDL, HDL le triglycerides. Matšoao a tloaelehileng ho latela bong le lilemo a hlahisoa ka tafoleng e ka tlase.
| Mongoaha | Bong ba motho | Bong ba motho | ||||
| Kakaretso ea k'holeseterole | LDL | HDL | Kakaretso ea k'holeseterole | LDL | HDL | |
| <Lilemo tse 5 | 2.90-5.18 | - | - | 2.95-5.25 | - | - |
| Lilemo tse 5-10 | 2.26 - 5.30 | 1.76 - 3.63 | 0.93 - 1.89 | 3.13 - 5.25 | 1.63 - 3.34 | 0.98 - 1.94 |
| Lilemo tse 10-15 | 3.21-5.20 | 1.76 - 3.52 | 0.96 - 1.81 | 3.08-5.23 | 1.66 - 3.34 | 0.96 - 1.91 |
| Lilemo tse 15-20 | 3.08 - 5.18 | 1.53 - 3.55 | 0.91 - 1.91 | 2.91 - 5.10 | 1.61 - 3.37 | 0.78 - 1.63 |
| Lilemo tse 20-25 | 3.16 - 5.59 | 1.48 - 4.12 | 0.85 - 2.04 | 3.16 - 5.59 | 1.71 - 3.81 | 0.78 - 1.63 |
| Lilemo tse 25-30 | 3.32 - 5.75 | 1.84 - 4.25 | 0.96 - 2.15 | 3.44 - 6.32 | 1.81 - 4.27 | 0.80 - 1.63 |
| Lilemo tse 30-35 | 3.37 - 5.96 | 1.81 - 4.04 | 0.93 - 1.99 | 3.57 - 6.58 | 2.02 - 4.79 | 0.72 - 1.63 |
| Lilemo tse 3540 | 3.63 - 6.27 | 1.94 - 4.45 | 0.88 - 2.12 | 3.63 - 6.99 | 1.94 - 4.45 | 0.88 - 2.12 |
| Lilemo tse 40-45 | 3.81 - 6.53 | 1.92 - 4.51 | 0.88 - 2.28 | 3.91 - 6.94 | 2.25 - 4.82 | 0.70 - 1.73 |
| Lilemo tse 45-50 | 3.94 - 6.86 | 2.05 - 4.82 | 0.88 - 2.25 | 4.09 - 7.15 | 2.51 - 5.23 | 0.78 - 1.66 |
| Lilemo tse 50-55 | 4.20 - 7.38 | 2.28 - 5.21 | 0.96 - 2.38 | 4.09 - 7.17 | 2.31 - 5.10 | 0.72 - 1.63 |
| Lilemo tse 55-60 | 4.45 - 7.77 | 2.31 - 5.44 | 0.96 - 2.35 | 4.04 - 7.15 | 2.28 - 5.26 | 0.72 - 1.84 |
| Lilemo tse 60-65 | 4.45 - 7.69 | 2.59 - 5.80 | 0.98 - 2.38 | 4.12 - 7.15 | 2.15 - 5.44 | 0.78 - 1.91 |
| Lilemo tse 65-70 | 4.43 - 7.85 | 2.38 - 5.72 | 0.91 - 2.48 | 4.09 - 7.10 | 2.49 - 5.34 | 0.78 - 1.94 |
| > Lilemo tse 70 | 4.48 - 7.25 | 2.49 - 5.34 | 0.85 - 2.38 | 3.73 - 6.86 | 2.49 - 5.34 | 0.85 - 1.94 |
Lintho tse eketsang cholesterol
Keketseho e eketsehileng ea "cholesterol" e mpe ke litholoana tsa bophelo bo sa lokang kapa mafu a itseng.
Phello e kotsi ka ho fetisisa ea ho senyeha ha metaboliki ea lipid ke nts'etsopele ea atherosclerosis. Pathology e tšoauoa ka ho fokotseha hoa lumen ea methapo ka lebaka la ho bokelloa hoa cholesterol plaque.
Matšoao a pele a lefu lena a hlaha feela ha masapo a marang-rang a fetang 50%. Ho se sebetse kapa ho se sebetse hantle ho lebisa ho lefu la pelo, ho otloa, lefu la pelo le thrombosis.
Motho e mong le e mong o lokela ho tseba hore lintlha tse latelang li eketsa khatello ea LDL maling, kapa cholesterol e "mpe". Tsena li kenyeletsa:
- ho se ikoetlise 'meleng, i.e. ho hloka mesebetsi ea 'mele;
- mekhoa e mebe - ho tsuba le / kapa ho noa joala;
- ho nona ho feta tekano, ho ja ho feta tekano le botenya;
- ho ja palo e kholo ea mafura, li-carbohydrate tse bonolo habonolo;
- ho haella ha livithamini, li-pectins, fiber, li-trace, li-acid tse polyunsaturated le mafura le lintlha tsa lipotropic 'meleng;
- mathata a fapa-fapaneng a endocrine - tlhahiso e feteletseng ea insulin kapa, ho fapana le hoo, lefu la tsoekere (ho itšetleha ka insulin le ho se itšetlehe ka insulin), ho haella ha lihomone tsa qoqotho, lihormone tsa thobalano, secretion e feteletseng ea lihormone tsa adrenal;
- ho thekesela ha bile ka har'a sebete ho bakoang ke tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tse ling, tšebeliso e mpe ea joala le mafu a itseng a vaerase;
- lefutso, le iponahatsang ho "dyslipoproteinemia";
- li-pathologies tse ling tsa liphio le sebete, tseo ho tsona ho nang le tlolo ea biosynthesis ea HDL.
Potso e sala hore na ke hobaneng microflora ea mala e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho tsitsitseng maemo a cholesterol. Taba ke hore microflora ea ka mpeng e nka karolo ho mafeng a k'holeseterole, ho fetola kapa ho arola li-sterols tsa tlhaho ea tlhaho le kantle ho tsoalo.
Ka hona, e ka nkoa e le e 'ngoe ea litho tsa bohlokoahali tse tšehetsang cholesterol homeostasis.
Thibelo ea lefu la pelo le pelo
Mokhoa oa bophelo o phetseng hantle e lula e le khothaletso ea mantlha kalafong le ho thibela mafu a fapaneng. Ho boloka cholesterol e tloaelehileng, o tlameha ho latela lijo, ho loants'a ho ikoetlisa 'meleng, ho ntlafatsa boima ba' mele ha ho hlokahala, le ho tlohela mekhoa e mebe.
Lijo tse phetseng hantle li lokela ho ba le meroho e mengata e tala, litlama le litholoana. Bohlokoa haholo bo fanoa ho lipalesa, hobane li na le li-pectin tse ka bang 20% tse theolelang cholesterol ea mali. Hape, metabolism ea lipid e tloaelehile ka nama le litlhapi tse jang nama, lihlahisoa tse tsoang phofo ea wholemeal, oli ea meroho, lijo tsa leoatleng le tee e tala. Ho amohela mahe a likhoho ho lokela ho fokotsoa likoto tse 3-4 ka beke. Ts'ebeliso ea lijo tse ka holimo tse nang le cholesterol e phahameng, o lokela ho fokotsa haholo.
Ho boloka tonus, o hloka ho ikoetlisa hoseng kapa ho e etsa molao oa ho tsamaea moeeng o mocha. Hypodynamia ke e 'ngoe ea mathata a batho ba lekholo la XXI, a lokelang ho loaneloa. Ho ikoetlisa ho matlafatsa mesifa, ho ntlafatsa ho itšireletsa mafung, ho thibela maloetse a mangata le ho tsofala pele ho nako. Ho etsa sena, o ka bapala bolo ea maoto, volleyball, matha, yoga, jj.
Ho tsuba ke ntho e lokelang ho lahloa pele ho tsohle ho thibela ho hlaha ha atherosulinosis le li-pathologies tse ling tsa pelo.
Taba e tsekoang ke ho nooa hoa lino tse itseng tsa joala. Ho joalo, lenane lena ha le kenyeletse biri kapa vodka. Leha ho le joalo, litsebi tse ngata lia lumela hore khalase ea veine e khubelu e ommeng nakong ea lijo tsa motšehare e na le tšusumetso e ntle 'meleng oa motho. Ho ja veine e itekanetseng ho fokotsa monyetla oa ho ba le lefu la pelo le pelo.
Ho tseba joale hore na ke hobane'ng ha k'holeseterole e hlokahala bakeng sa 'mele oa motho, ho bohlokoa ho boloka mahloriso a eona a lekaneng. Melao e kaholimo ea thibelo e tla thusa ho qoba ho hloleha ho lipid metabolism le mathata a morao.
Mabapi le mesebetsi ea k'holeseterole e hlalositsoeng videong ena.
