'Mele oa motho o hlophisitsoe hantle,' mele o mong le o mong oa bobeli o sebetsang. Ho netefatsa ts'ebetso ea eona e tsoelang pele, lihormone li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa.
Tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng e fana ka litšusumetso tsa motlakase litsong tsohle le litho tsohle. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, tsamaiso ea endocrine e boloka insulin, tsoekere le lihormone tse ling tse hlokahalang bakeng sa tšebetso e tsoelang pele ea 'mele oa motho.
Li-hormone tsa pancreatic
Lisebelisoa tsa exocrine le endocrine ke likarolo tsa mala a ka sehloohong. E le hore lijo tse kenang 'meleng li kenelle liprotheine, mafura le lik'habohaedreite, ho bohlokoa hore sistimi ea exocrine e sebetse ka botlalo.
Ke sistimi ena e hlahisang bonyane 98% ea lero la tšilo, moo ho nang le li-enzyme tse qhekellang lijo. Ho feta moo, lihormone li laola lits'ebetso tsohle tsa mmele.
Li-hormone tsa sehlooho tsa manyeme ke:
- Insulin
- C peptide
- Insulin
- Glucagon.
Lihormone tsohle tsa pancreatic, ho kenyeletsa glucagon le insulin, li amana haufi. Insulin e na le karolo ea ho netefatsa botsitso ba tsoekere, ho feta moo, e boloka boemo ba li-amino acid bakeng sa 'mele.
Glucagon e sebetsa e le mofuta oa khothalletso. Hormone ena e tlama lintho tsohle tse hlokahalang, e li romele maling.
Homo ya insulin e ka hlahisoa feela ka tekanyo e phahameng ea tsoekere maling. Ts'ebetso ea insulin ke ho tlama li-receptor liseleng tsa lisele, e boetse e li isa seleng. Ebe tsoekere e fetoloa glycogen.
Leha ho le joalo, ha se litho tsohle tse hlokang insulin e le mohlokomeli oa glucose. Glucose e ananeloa ho sa tsotelehe insulin liseleng:
- Matsoho
- Boko
- Sebete
- Liphio.
Haeba ho na le insulin e nyane haholo makhophong, joale sena se ka baka hyperglycemia. Boemo bo kotsi haholo ha tsoekere e tsoang maling e sa khone ho kena liseleng. Litholoana tsa eona e ka ba bohloko bo otlang pelo, esita le lefu la tleliniki. Bala haholoanyane ka li-nuances tse fapaneng tse hlahang sehloohong insulin ka tsoekere e tloaelehileng.
Haeba ho fapana le hoo, "insulin" ea "hormone" e hlahisoa haholo makhophong, joale tsoekere e sebelisoa ka potlako haholo 'me khatello ea eona maling e theoha haholo, e lebisa ho hypoglycemia. Boemo bona bo boetse bo lebisa litlamong tse mpe haholo, ho fihlela ho coma ha hypoglycemic.
Karolo ea glucagon 'meleng
Glucagon ea hormone e kenya letsoho ha ho etsoa tsoekere maling le ho laola litaba tse teng hantle maling. Bakeng sa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea ts'ebetso ea methapo e bohareng, ho bohlokoa ho boloka khatello ea tsoekere maling e le maemong a sa khaotseng. Ena ke hoo e ka bang ligrama tse 4 ka hora e le ngoe bakeng sa tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng.
Matla a glucagon tlhahiso ea tsoekere ho sebete a khethoa ke mesebetsi ea eona. Glucagon e na le mesebetsi e meng, e tsosa ho phatloha ha lipids ho lisele tsa adipose, tse fokotsang cholesterol ea mali ka matla. Ntle le sena, "glucagon" ea hormone:
- E ntlafatsa phallo ea mali lipelong;
- E eketsa sekhahla sa excretion ea sodium ho tsoa lithong, hape e boloka karo-karolelano ea motlakase 'meleng. Mme ke ntlha ya bohlokwa mosebetsing wa pelo;
- E nchafatsa lisele tsa sebete;
- E susumetsa ho tsoa ha insulin liseleng tsa 'mele;
- E eketsa litaba tsa calcium tsa intracellular.
Ho fetela ha glucagon e ngata maling ho lebisa ho hlaheng ha litšoelesa tse mpe makhophong. Leha ho le joalo, mofets'e oa hlooho ea manyeme ke oa morao-rao; o hlaha ho batho ba 30 ho ba sekete.
Mesebetsi e etsoang ke insulin le glucagon e hanyetsoa ka matla. Ka hona, lihormone tse ling tsa bohlokoa li hlokoa ho boloka boemo ba glucose ba mali:
- cortisol
- adrenaline
- kholo ea lihormone.
Taolo ea secretion ea glucagon
Keketseho ea tekanyo ea protheine e lebisa hoketseho ea khatello ea amino acid: arginine le alanine.
Li-amino acid tsena li khothalletsa tlhahiso ea glucagon maling, kahoo ho bohlokoa haholo ho netefatsa tšebeliso e tsitsitseng ea li-amino acid 'meleng, li latela lijo tse phetseng hantle.
Glucagon ea hormone ke sesosa se fetolang amino acid ho glucose, ena ke mesebetsi ea eona ea sehlooho. Kahoo, khatello ea mali maling e eketseha, ho bolelang hore lisele le lisele tsa 'mele li fanoa ka lihormone tsohle tse hlokahalang.
Ntle le amino acid, secretion ea glucagon e boetse e susumetsoa ke ho ikoetlisa ka ho ikoetlisa. Ho khahlisang, li lokela ho etsoa ka moeli oa bokhoni ba batho. Hona feela moo, khatello ea tsoekere e nyoloha ka makhetlo a mahlano.
Ts'oants'o ea pharmacological ea glucagon
Glucagon e sebetsa ka tsela e latelang:
- e fokotsa cramping
- e fetola palo ea methapo ea pelo
- e eketsa bongata ba tsoekere 'meleng ka lebaka la ho phatloha ha glycogen le sebopeho sa eona e le motsoako oa likarolo tse ling tsa manyolo.
Matšoao a ts'ebeliso ea sehlahisoa sa kalafo
Glucagon ea lithethefatsi e laetsoe ke lingaka maemong a:
- Mathata a kelello, e le kalafo ea litšoso,
- Lefu la tsoekere le tsoekere e fumanehang ea "hypoglycemia" (glucose e tlase ea mali),
- Lithuto tse entsoeng ka letsoho tsa bongaka le tsa laboratori tsa litho tsa thipa ea ka mpeng, e le sethethefatsi se thusang.
- Tlhokahalo ea ho felisa spasm ho a hlobaetsang le diverticulitis,
- Pathology of the biliary trekte,
- Ho khatholla mesifa e boreleli ea mala le mpa.
Litaelo tsa ts'ebeliso ea glucagon
Ho sebelisa lihormone molemong oa moriana, e fumanoa ho manyeme a liphoofolo tse kang poho kapa kolobe. Ho khahlisang, tatellano ea li-amino acid e kopantseng ketane liphoofolong tsena le batho li tšoana hantle.
Ka hypoglycemia, milligram e le 1 ea glucagon e khethoa kahare kapa ka intramuscularly. Haeba ho hlokahala ho fana ka thuso ea tšohanyetso, ho sebelisoa mekhoa ena ea taolo ea lithethefatsi.
Ho lumellana le litaelo tse hlakileng tsa ts'ebeliso ea tsoekere ea hormone ho bontša hore ntlafatso ho mokuli ea nang le tsoekere e tlase ea mali e etsahala kamora metsotso e 10. Sena se tla fokotsa likotsi tsa ho senyeha ha tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng.
Ka kopo elelloa hore ha hoa thibeloa ho fana ka tsoekere ho bana ba nang le boima ba 'mele bo fihlang ho 25 kilogram. Bana ba hloka ho kenya tekanyetso ea ho fihlela ho 500 mg mme ba shebe boemo ba 'mele ka metsotso e 15.
Haeba tsohle li tloaelehile, o hloka ho eketsa tekanyetso ka 30 mcg. Tabeng ea ho theoha ha pokello ea tsoekere maling, ho hlokahala ho eketsa tekanyetso ea lithethefatsi ka makhetlo a 'maloa. Ho thibetsoe ho iketsetsa qeto ea ho ikemela mabapi le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi.
Hang ha mokuli a ntlafala, ho kgothaletswa ho ja lijo tsa protheine, ho nwa tee e futhumetseng e futhumetseng le ho nka boemo bo lekanang bakeng sa lihora tse peli ho qoba ho khutlela morao.
Haeba ts'ebeliso ea glucagon e sa fane ka litholoana, ho khothalletsoa ho tsamaisa tsoekere kahare. Litlamorao tse ling kamora ho sebelisa glucagon ke takatso ea ho hlatsa Reflex le ho nyekeloa.
