Hyperglycemia ke boemo bo bonahatsoang ke maemo a phahameng a tsoekere maling. Keketseho ea tsoekere ea mali e ka ba ea 'mele, e hlahisoang ke ho ja lijo tse nang le lik'habohaedreite' meleng, kapa lefu la ho ferekanya lefu le tsamaeang le mafu a mangata. Seo u lokelang ho se etsa haeba ho na le tsoekere e eketsehileng ea mali le hore na boemo bo kotsi hakae, bo tšohloa sehloohong seo.
Karolo ea glucose 'meleng
Glucose (bathong ba tloaelehileng - tsoekere) ke mafura a mantlha bakeng sa lisele le lisele, ho ba fa matla a hlokahalang bakeng sa phallo ea lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa le liphetoho. Boemo ba eona bo tlase bo baka nts'etsopele ea tlala ea matla, 'me ho fetella ho na le chefo.
Glucose ke moemeli oa lik'habohaedreite tse bonolo (monosaccharides). Tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng, e ananeloa hantle ha e nkuoa e le karolo ea lijo kapa e le moriana. Kamora hore lijo li kene ka mpeng ea mala, e qala ho putlama ho lintho tse nyane, ho kenyeletsa le monosaccharides. Tsoekere e kenella marakong a mala a manyane mme e kene maling. Ho tloha mona, karolo e pharalletse ho lisele le lisele, e 'ngoe e behiloe liseleng tsa lipid.
Ha ts'ebetso ea ho arola lijo e phethiloe, tsoekere ea mali e ea theoha. Mehato ea ho qobella e kenyellelitsoe e baka ts'ebetso ea gluconeogeneis - sebopeho sa tsoekere ke sebete ho tsoa linthong tse sa tsoaneng le carbohydrate.
Tloaelo ea tsoekere ho setho sa batho ba baholo ke 3.33-5,55 mmol / l, 'me matšoao a tšoana ho basali le banna. Ho bana, lipalo tse nepahetseng tsa tsoekere li tlase hanyane. Nakong ea matsatsi a 28 a bophelo, bophahamo ha bo felle ho 4,4 mmol / L; ngoana ea moholo (ho fihlela lilemo tse 6) o na le boholo ba 5 mmol / L.
Lintlafatso tsa khafetsa tsa matšoao a glycemia - thibelo ea nts'etsopele ea pathology le mathata a eona
Ntle le ho fana ka lisebelisoa tsa matla, monosaccharide e etsa mesebetsi e latelang:
- e nka karolo ho theheng lisele tsa mafura;
- e nka karolo ho kopantseng ha li-anemic acid, amino acid;
- e sebetsa mosebetsi oa enzymatic;
- E matlafatsa ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea methapo ea pelo le methapo ea mali;
- a imolla tlala;
- e felisa phello ea methapo ea maemo e sithabetsang 'meleng.
Tsoekere e tsoha neng, hona hobane'ng?
Ho na le maemo a bakang ho phahama ha 'mele ho glycemia, ke hore, ba nkoa ba le nakoana ebile ba sa hloke kalafo e khethehileng. Maemo ana a kenyelletsa:
Tsoekere ea mali e tloaelehile.- nako ea ho ba le ngoana;
- ho pepeseha khatello ea maikutlo;
- takatso ea lijo 'meleng;
- ho ikoetlisa.
Pathologies, khahlano le semelo sa eona moo palo ea tsoekere e eketsang, ho ekelletsa ho lefu la tsoekere, e kenyeletsa:
- maloetse a mangata a tsamaiso ea methapo;
- hyperthyroidism;
- Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome (Adrenal gland pathology);
- lefu la sethoathoa
- lefu la liphio
- mekhoa ea tumor (pheochromocytoma, glucagonoma).
Kotsi ea kholo ea tsoekere ke eng hape e iponahatsa?
Haeba tsoekere ea mali e phahamisitsoe ka nako e telele, motho a ka ba le bothata ba ho ba le mathata a hlobaetsang le a sa foleng. Acute hypo- le hyperglycemic comas (nts'etsopele ea bona e ipapisitse le hore na boemo ba glycemia bo ile ba eketseha kapa ba fokotseha hakae ka mokhoa o tebileng.
Mathata a hlobaetsang ke:
- tšenyo ea lijana tsa liphio;
- lefu la methapo ea kutlo ea methapo ea kutlo;
- tšenyo ea lisele tsa boko;
- phetoho ea kutlo;
- tšenyo ea ho hlahloba mahlo;
- liphetoho mosebetsing oa litho tsa ka hare, masapo le manonyeletso.
Lefu la tsoekere ke e 'ngoe ea li-pathologies tse tsamaeang le hyperglycemia.
Matšoao a tsoekere e phahameng maling maling ke lenyora la methapo, ho ntša metsi khafetsa, letlalo le omileng le mokokotlo oa molomo. Bakuli ba tletleba ho ngaka e eang ka ho fokotseha ha mahlo a sefahleho, maqeba letlalong. Liso le mengoapo ha li fole nako e telele.
U ka thusa motho ea nang le phallo e matla ea tsoekere joang?
Haeba boemo bo phahameng ba glycemia bo hloka ho khutlisetsoa ho tloaelehileng, mokuli o lokela ho fuoa mehato ea bongaka ea tšohanyetso. Sena se tla lumella ho tlosa mokuli boemong ba ho akheha, bo botle kapa ho thibela nts'etsopele ea hae.
Thuso ea pele e tjena:
- Haeba motho a hlokometse, o lokela ho hlahloba boemo ba hae ka lipotso mabapi le hore na lebitso la hae le joang, hore na o utloisisa moo a leng teng, ke mang haufi le eena.
- Bitsa sehlopha sa ambulense (ho latela boteng ba hyperglycemia).
- Lekola boemo ba hau ba tsoekere haeba u na le mita ea tsoekere ea mali.
- Hlakisa haeba motho a sebelisa liente tsa insulin bakeng sa kalafo. Haeba karabo ke e, u lokela ho mo thusa ho mo tsebisa moriana.
- Fana ka metsi a mangata a nooang. Ha motho a sa tsebe, metsi a ke ke a tšeloa ka matla.
- Hlatsoa mpa, etsa enema ka tharollo ea soda.
- Ha motho a sa tsebe letho, ho hlokahala ho lekola matšoao a bohlokoa (sekhahla sa pelo, ho hema, khatello ea mali, karabelo ea baithuti leseling) pele ho litsebi tse tšoanelehang.
- Ntle le ho phefumoloha, ho bua ka mokhoa o phollatsi, ho tsosa ho lokela ho etsoa.
Ho felisa ho felloa ke metsi ke e 'ngoe ea mehato ea ho emisa hyperglycemia
Likarolo tsa ho theola maemo a tsoekere
Hoa hlokahala ho phekola boemo ba pathological hang ka mor'a ho netefatsoa ke setsebi se tšoanelehang. Phekolo e na le khalemelo ea phepo e nepahetseng (kalafo ea phepo), ts'ebeliso ea matlapa a hypoglycemic, kalafo ea insulin, le ts'ebetso e lekaneng ea 'mele.
Pheko ea lijo
Mosebetsi oa mantlha oa khalemelo ea phepo ea phepo ke ho fumana matšeliso ho tsoa ho mafu a tsamaeang le hyperglycemia, hammoho le ho fumana bokhoni ba ho tlosa tsoekere maling, ho fetola lipalo tsa eona ka moo ho ka khonehang. Nts'etsopele ea lenane le le leng la beke bakeng sa beke, ho baloa ha likhalase tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, hammoho le tumello ea lenane la lihlahisoa tse thibetsoeng le tse lumelloang ke tokelo ea setsebi sa endocrinologist kapa setsebi sa phepo.
Joaloka molao, tafoleng ea kalafo ea No. 9 e sebelisoa. Melao-motheo ea khalemelo ke ho hana tsoekere, ts'ebeliso ea li-sweeteners, phetisetso ea lik'habohaedreite tse potlakileng ka fiber le phepo e nepahetseng. Ho fetisa boemo ba glycemia, mokuli o lokela ho ja bonyane makhetlo a 6 ka letsatsi, empa ka likarolo tse nyane.
Ho bohlokoa ho kenyelletsa lijo-thollo, lebese le lihlahisoa tsa lebese le bolila, mefuta e fokolang ea nama le tlhapi, lithuto tsa pele ho lijo. Hoa hlokahala ho lahla joala, lijo tse nang le mafura, nama e tsubang, thepa ea ka makotong, litholoana tse monate, ice cream.
Ho latela melao-motheo ea phepo e nepahetseng ho tla etsa hore lipalo tsa glycemia li fetohe
Ho ikoetlisa
Meroalo ea 'mele ke ntlha ea bohlokoa ho fumana puseletso ea methapo, leha ho le joalo, e tlameha ho sebelisoa ka bohlale. Ntle le moo, lipapali ka bobeli li fokotsa palo ea tsoekere ebile li ka li eketsa. Litsebi li re ho etsa boikoetliso khafetsa ka beke ho tla thusa ho eketsa mofuta oa insulin, hammoho le ho eketsa kutloisiso ea lisele le lisele tsa eona.
O ka bapala lipapali ha feela glycemia e sa tlole holimo le tlase ka lebelo le holimo, hape le haeba boleng ba tsoekere bo ka tlase ho 14 mmol / l. Ho seng joalo, ho ikoetlisa ho tla baka kholo ea tsoekere le nts'etsopele ea naha ea ketoacidotic.
Phekolo ea insulin
Litokisetso tsa insulin tse thehiloeng ho li-hormone li sebelisoa ha tsoekere e phahama ka lebaka la khaello ea insulin. Boemo bona bo bonoa mofuteng oa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 le ho bakuli ba bang ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 khahlano le nalane ea tsoelo-pele ea lefu la methapo le pancreatic depletion.
Setlhare se hlokahalang le litekanyetso tsa sona li khethoa ho latela mekhoa e latelang:
- matšoao a glycemia;
- lilemo tsa mamello;
- molaotheo le boima ba mmele;
- boemo ba boikoetliso ba 'mele;
- ho ba teng ha glucosuria (tsoekere ka har'a moroto);
- boemo ba maikutlo a motho ka mong ho ntho e sebetsang.
Insulin e fanoa ka mokhoa o ikhethileng ka mefuta e ka enteloang ka tlasa letlalo, maemong a boima - ka hara mothapo nakong ea ts'oaetso. Ho na le lihlopha tse 'maloa tsa lithethefatsi tsa lihormone tse fapaneng ka lebelo la ho qala ha phello le nako ea ketso ea eona.
Li-insulin "tse khutšoane" li ka fokotsa glycemia nakong ea halofo ea hora ho tloha nakong ea tsamaiso, li tšoarella ho isa ho lihora tse 4-6. Baemeli ba sehlopha ke Insulin Humalog, Apidra, Humodar, Monodar.
Lithethefatsi tsa "Medium" li ka sebetsa ho fihlela lihora tse 15-16, empa phello ea tsona e etsahala ka lihora tse 2-2,5. Lithethefatsi tse joalo ke Protafan, Insuman Bazal, Insulin Novomiks.
Litokisetso tsa "insulin" li fanoa khemising ho latela lengolo la ngaka, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe liphuthelong le litaelong tsa ts'ebeliso.
M kalafo ea nako e telele e sebetsa ka mor'a lihora tse 4-6, empa nako ea phello e ba teng ka letsatsi, maemong a mang ho fihlela matsatsi a 1.5. Baemeli - Ultralente, Levemir, Lantus.
Meriana e theolang tsoekere
Lithethefatsi tsena ha li tlose tsoekere 'meleng, empa li hlohlelletsa ho kenella ha insulin ka manyeme, li eketsa kutloisiso ea lisele le lisele tsa' mele ho ea ho lihormone, hape li fokotsa ho kenngoa ha li-saccharides ka har'a mpa ea mala. Hona le lihlopha tse 'maloa tse sebelisoang hantle le ka bongata:
- Lits'oaetso tsa sulfonylureas - ha li fuoe mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere la 1, le mofuta oa lona oa pancreatic, nakong ea kemere le ho lactation. Baemeli - Glipizid, Glycvidon.
- Li-regandators tsa Tsoekere ea Prandial - Novonorm. Matšoao a Glycemia a hlahlojoa ka mor'a hore lijo li kene 'meleng; e sebelisoa ka mokhoa o khethehileng ha ho ntse ho bolokoa bokhoni ba manyeme ba ho kopanya insulin.
- Biguanides - kenya letsoho ts'ebelisong ea tsoekere, u se ke oa ama manyeme. Tsena li kenyelletsa Metformin, Buformin, Fenformin.
- Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (Miglitol) - e liehisa ho kenngoa ha li-saccharides ka har'a mpa ea mala.
- Lithethefatsi tse kopantsoeng (Glibomet) - sehlopha sena se kenyeletsa lithethefatsi tse nang le lintho tse 'maloa tse sebetsang tse nang le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso.
Bohlokoa! Khetho ea lithethefatsi tsa molomo, joalo ka lithethefatsi tse thehiloeng ho insulin, e etsoa feela ke ngaka e hlahang kamora ho hlakisa boemo ba mokuli, ho fumana liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea hae ea laboratori.
Setsebi sa endocrinologist ke se seng sa litsebi tse tšoanelehang tse thusang ho loants'a lipontšo tsa hyperglycemia.
Contraindication ka kakaretso bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea meriana ea molomo ea hypoglycemic:
- mafu a sebete a tlhaho e senyehang;
- pathology ea liphio, e bonahatsoang ke ho haella kapa mekhoa ea ho ruruha;
- lefu la pelo le bohloko haholo;
- kotsi ea methapo ea methapo;
- hypersensitivity ka boeona;
- boimana
- nako ea kemolo.
Ho na le mekhoa e mengata ea ho fokotsa glycemia ea hau. Ho bohlokoa hore motho ka boeena a be le takatso le takatso ea ho fihlela sena, mme likhothaletso tsa ngaka e tlang li tla thusa ho emisa hyperglycemia le ho fihlela boemo ba puseletso ea nako e telele.
