Lefu la tsoekere ke boemo ba tsamaiso ea endocrine ea motho, bo khetholloang ka ho sa lekana ha insulin kapa ho hanyetsa lisele tsa 'mele ho ea ho hormone ha e hlahisoa ka bongata bo lekaneng. Sephetho ke palo e eketsehileng ea glucose maling, e lebisang ho sitisoang ke ts'ebetso ea metabolism, lisele tsa trophic le tishu, methapo ea methapo le methapo.
Ho tseba lefu la tsoekere ho lokela ho ba teng liponong tsa pele, e le hore kalafo e lekane ebile e nakong. Sengoloa se tšohla lipotso tse mabapi le tlhahlobo ea mafu a mofuta oa 1 le mofuta oa 2 ho bana le batho ba baholo, mabapi le tlhahlobo e hlokahalang ho netefatsa tlhahlobo eo, le ka ho fumana sephetho.
Mefuta ea pathology
Boloetse ba mofuta oa 1 (mofuta o itšetlehileng ka insulin) hangata bo hlaha o sa le monyane le ho bana, hobane lisosa tsa ponahalo ea bona ke ketso ea lintho tsa kantle le tsa tlhaho hammoho le morero oa lefutso. Lirosa tsa vaerase le tsa baktheria, lits'ebetso tsa autoimmune li baka lefu la lisele tse kopanyang insulin. Hormone ha e hlahisoe ka bongata bo hlokahalang. Phekolo ea foromo ena ke kalafo ea insulin e kopaneng le sejo se tlase sa carb.
Psychology ea mofuta oa 2 (mofuta o ikemetseng oa insulin) e khetholla batho ba baholo, ba batenya haholo, ba phela bophelo ba ho lula fatše. Makhopho a makhopho a hlahisa lihormone tse lekaneng, ka linako tse ling le ho feta kamoo ho hlokahalang. Lisele le lisele tsa 'mele ha li amehe haholo ka insulin ntle le ho nka khato ea tsona. Tleliniki ea foromo ena ha e phatlalatsoe joalo ka lefu la mofuta oa 1. Phekolo ke lijo tse nang le carb e tlase le lithethefatsi tse theolelang tsoekere.
Lipontšo tsa lefu la tsoekere
Matšoao ao u ka nahanang ka ona mabapi le nts'etsopele ea lefu lena ke a latelang:
- ho hlohlona ha letlalo;
- ho ruruha ho eketsehileng;
- ho ikutloa u nyoriloe khafetsa;
- liphetoho tsa boima ba 'mele (mehatong ea pele, ho theoha haholo ha boima ba' mele, ebe phaello e feteletseng);
- monko oa acetone o tsoang molomong (o nang le mofuta oa 1);
- ho hlaseloa ka mokhoa o sisimosang mesifa ea namane;
- lekhopho la letlalo joaloka furunculosis.
Lipontšo tse joalo li tsebahala haholoanyane ka lefu la tsoekere le itšetlehileng ka insulin. Mofuta oa 2 e ka ba asymptomatic ka nako e telele (e patiloeng, e morao).
Ho lemoha matšoao a lefu esale pele ke mohato oa ho boloka boemo bo phahameng ba bophelo
Ho bana, bokuli bo na le matšoao a hlakileng haholoanyane. E tšoantšoa le mokhathala o potlakileng, ho otsela, ho sebetsa ka tlase, ho theola boima ba 'mele mokokotlong oa takatso e matla ea lijo.
Phapang
Ho khetholla lefu la tsoekere ho na le liteko tsa laboratori le nalane ea bongaka. Ntle le ho etsa tlhahlobo e nepahetseng ea bongaka, ho bohlokoa ho tseba sebopeho sa eona. Phapang Lefu la tsoekere le etsoa ka maemo a latelang a pathological a hlalositsoeng tafoleng.
| Boloetse | Tlhaloso | Liponahatso tsa kliniki |
| Lefu la tsoekere | Pathology ea tsamaiso ea hypothalamic-pituitary, e tšoauoang ke khaello ea vasopressin ea hormone | Ho ruruha ho hoholo, lenyora, ho nyekeloa, ho hlatsa, letlalo le omeletseng, ho felloa ke metsi |
| Lefu la tsoekere | Boloetse bona bo hlaha ka lebaka la adrenal gland pathology kapa kamora tšebeliso ea nako e telele ea lithethefatsi tsa lihormone | Ho ntša metsi haholo, lenyora le leka-lekaneng, bofokoli, mokhathala. Matšoao a boreleli |
| Lenane la glucosuria | Ho ba teng ha tsoekere ka har'a moroto maemong a eona a tloaelehileng maling. E etsahala khahlano le semelo sa lefu le sa foleng la liphio | Bofokoli, ho tepella ho sa feleng, letlalo le ea omella, le be le botala bo bosehla. Ho hlohlona ho sa feleng ha letlalo |
| Alimentary Glucosuria | Ho ba teng ha tsoekere ka har'a moroto ka mor'a ho ja lijo tse nang le lik'habohaedreite haholo lijong le lino | Ho ruruha khafetsa, lenyora, bofokoli, ts'ebetso e fokotsehileng, ho otsela |
Mekhoa ea ho etsa lipatlisiso
Hoa khoneha ho hlahloba lefu la tsoekere ka mor'a ho hlahloba moroto, venous le capillary. Lekola boemo ba tsoekere, lipontšo tsa bongata ba insulin, boemo ba hemoglobin ea glycosylated, fructosamine, lekola litekanyetso tse 'maloa tsa tlhahlobo bakeng sa li-assundos tse amanang le enzyme.
Urinalysis
Mokhoa o mong o ka sehloohong oa ho hlahloba lefu, o sebelisoang e le karolo ea tlhatlhobo ea 'mele. Motho ea phetseng hantle ha a lokela ho ba le tsoekere ka har'a moroto; maemong a mang, ho ba teng ha 0,8 mmol / L hoa lumelloa. Haeba ho na le matšoao a kaholimo, ho sebelisitsoe "glucosuria".
Ho bokella thepa bakeng sa ho etsa lipatlisiso, o hloka ho lokisa sejana se hloekileng se omileng le mekhoa ea bohloeki. Karolo ea pele ea moroto ha e sebelisoe, bohareng bo bokelloa ka sejaneng, 'me ea ho qetela e ntšoa ka ntloaneng. E tlameha ho isoa laboratoring kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang e le hore sephetho se nepahetse.
Motsoako ke mokelikeli oa likokoana-hloko o nang le matšoao a bohlokoa a ho khetholla.
Litopo tsa Ketone
Ponahalo ea acetone ka har'a moroto ke bopaki ba hore mathata a metabolic a etsahala maemong a metabolite ea lipid le carbohydrate. Ho tseba 'mele oa ketone, ho hlokahala liteko tse khethehileng. Ntle le tlhahlobo ea laboratori, acetone ka har'a moroto ho bana le ho batho ba baholo e ka "bonoa" ka thuso ea methapo ea liteko, e fumanoang lifemeng.
Boikemisetso ba protheine ea urine
Tlhahlobo ena e u lumella ho tseba hore na lefu la tsoekere le na le mathata a mofuta oa nephropathy joang. Mehato ea pele ea pathology e tsamaisana le ho hlaha ha albin e nyane, ka ho senyeha ha mmuso, boemo ba liprotheine bo phahama haholo.
Palo e felletseng ea mali
Mokhoa oa ho fana ka mali bakeng sa tsoekere ka mojaroMali ke mokelikeli oa likokoana-hloko, matšoao a mantlha a ona a fetohang ka ho tlola litho tsa 'mele le litsamaiso tsa' mele. Mekhoa ea ho hlahloba e hlahlojoang ka nako ea tlhahlobo:
- lipontšo tsa bongata ba lintho tse bopetsoeng;
- boemo ba hemoglobin;
- matšoao a coagulation;
- hematocrit;
- sekhahla sa erythrocyte sedimentation.
Teko ea glucose
Sebelisa mali a capillary kapa a venous. Litokisetso tsa ho bokella litaba ke ka tsela e latelang:
- hoseng pele ho ho hlahlojoa, u se ke oa ja letho, u ka noa metsi;
- nakong ea lihora tsa ho qetela tse 24 u se ke ua noa joala;
- Se ke oa itlhatsoa meno hoseng, lahla chepisi, hobane tsoekere ke karolo ea eona.
Tlhahlobo ea biochemical
Tlhahlobo e khethollang ea lefu la tsoekere e tiisoa ke boikemisetso ba matšoao a latelang:
- cholesterol - ka lefu la tsoekere, boemo ba eona bo phahame ho feta bo tloaelehileng;
- C-peptide - e nang le lefu la 1, boemo bo fokotsehile, ka lefu la mofuta oa 2 - le tloaelehileng kapa le holimo;
- fructosamine - matšoao a eketsehile haholo;
- boemo ba insulin - ka mofuta oa 1, lipontšo li fokotsehile, ka foromo e ikemetseng ea insulin, e tloaelehileng kapa e eketsehile hanyane;
- lipids - boemo bo phahame.
Teko ea mali a biochemical - bokhoni ba ho lekola litekanyetso tse fetang 10 tsa bohlokoa tsa phapang ea lefu la tsoekere
Teko ea mamello ea glucose
Tlhahlobo e fanoa hoseng ka mpeng e se nang letho. Mali bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea mali a nkuoa mothong kapa mothapong. Mothusi oa laboratori o fa mokuli hore a noe tharollo ea tsoekere e nang le khatello e itseng. Kamora lihora tse peli, lisebelisoa li bokelloa ka tsela e ts'oanang le ea pele. Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ke setsebi sa endocrinologist, ho hlokahala sampole ea mali a mahareng ho hlokahala.
Tlhaloso ea liphetho (mmol / l):
- Ha ho lefu la tsoekere: ka mpeng e se nang letho - ho fihlela ho 5.55, kamora lihora tse 2 - ho fihlela ho 7.8.
- Lefu la tsoekere: ka mpeng e se nang letho - ho fihlela ho 7.8, kamora lihora tse peli - ho fihla ho 11.
- Lefu la tsoekere: ka mpeng e se nang letho - kaholimo ho 7.8, kamora lihora tse 2 - kaholimo ho 11.
Glycosylated hemoglobin
Teko e tlamang bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lefu la tsoekere. Ts'ebetso ea eona e u lumella ho hlakisa matšoao a bongata ba tsoekere maling maling likhoeling tse 3 tse fetileng. Fana ka matsoho ho tloha hoseng ho isa lijong. Ho pheta liphetho:
- moelelo ke 4,5-6.5%;
- mofuta oa 1 lefu la tsoekere - 6.5-7%;
- mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere - 7% kapa ho feta.
Ho bokelloa ha thepa le ho hlophisoa ha mokuli bakeng sa mesebetsi eohle e boletsoeng ka holimo ke karolo ea tlhokomelo ea bakuli maemong a kantle ho nako le maemong a ho hlaphoheloa kelellong.
Tlhahlobo ea mathata a lefu lena
Maemong a mang, ts'oaetso ea "lefu le monate" e behiloe khahlano le semelo sa mathata. Haeba sena se etsahetse pejana, mokuli o lokela ho feta tlhahlobo khafetsa ho bona hore na bothata bo maemong afe a pele. Litoropong le literekeng tsa tikoloho, moralo oa tlhatlhobo o etsoa ke lingaka tsa lingoloa tse teng, mme metseng ena karolo ena ke ea bongaka ba bongaka.
Ngaka ke mothusi ea sa feleng ho loantšeng lefu lena
Morero oa tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo:
- Keletso le tlhahlobo ea setsebi sa mahlo. Ho kenyelletsa ophthalmoscopy, gonioscopy, tlhahlobo ea fundus, optical tomography (ho kenyelletsa lefu la tsoekere la tsoekere).
- Ho buisana le ngaka ea lefu la pelo, ho tsamaisa ECG, echocardiography, coronary angiography (ho tseba ho ba teng ha lefu la pelo, lefu la pelo).
- Ho hlahlojoa ke angiosurgeon, Doppler ultrasonography le arteriography ea likarolo tse tlase (ho lekola boteng ba likepe tsa maoto, ho thibela nts'etsopele ea atherosclerosis).
- Kopo ea lingaka ea mafu a methapo ea mahlo, ramatiki ea lesapo la mokokotlo, renovasography, renal vascular dopplerography (ho sa kenyeletse lefu la tsoekere).
- Tlhahlobo ea setsebi sa methapo ea kutlo, qeto ea ho hlasimoloha ha kelello, ts'ebetso ea kelello, matla a ho nahana ka boloi (ho ikemela ha lefu la tsoekere, ho ruruha ha thipa kapa thipa).
Mehato ea ho hlahloba ka nako e u lumella ho qala kalafo ea pele, thibela nts'etsopele ea mathata a tebileng mme u boloke boemo bo phahameng ba bophelo ba mokuli.
