E 'ngoe ea likarolo tse hlokahalang tsa tšebetso e tloaelehileng ea' mele ke cholesterol. O nka karolo ho lipid metabolism, e leng mohato o rarahaneng oa mmele le biochemical o hlahang liseleng tsa lintho tsohle tse phelang.
Cholesterol e nonneng, boholo ba eona bo entsoe 'meleng oa motho (sebete, litšoelesa tsa thobalano, adrenal cortex), mme sekhahla se itseng se kenoa ka lijo. Lipid ke eona karolo ea mantlha ea likarolo tsa sele, e kenyang letsoho ho bolokoeng ha permeability e khethiloeng, e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho tsamaisa lik'hemik'hale kahare le ka ntle. Cholesterol e lipakeng tsa lihlopha tsa polar tsa phospholipids, e fokotsa phallo ea lisele tsa litho tsa sele.
Cholesterol e etsa mesebetsi e mengata, e leng hore e nka karolo ho etseng litho tsa lisele; e bolokiloeng ka mafura a subcutaneous; ke motheo oa kaho ea li-acid acid; e nka karolo mofuteng oa lihormone tsa steroid (aldosterone, estradiol, cortisol), e hlokahala bakeng sa ho thehoa ha vithamine D.
Cholesterol e hlahisoang ka har'a sebete e ka hlahisoa ka mefuta e 'maloa:
- Ka foromo ea mahala;
- Ka sebopeho sa ethers;
- Li-acid tse tsoang.
Tsela eo k'holeseterole e leng ka eona 'meleng oa motho ke ntho e thata, e nang le lifahleho tse' maloa. Ho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tsona ho na le phetoho e latellanang ea lintho tse ling ho fetoha tse ling. Liphetoho tsohle li laoloa ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea li-enzyme, tse kenyelletsang phosphatase, reductase le tse ling. Ts'ebetso ea li-enzyme e susumetsoa ke lihormone tse kang insulin le glucagon.
Mefuta e meng ea cholesterol 'meleng e kenya letsoho kholisong ea maloetse a fapaneng. Ho kotsi ebile ho atile haholo ke lefu la atherosmithosis, leo ho lona ho nang le tšitiso ea tsamaiso ea methapo ea pelo ka lebaka la ho thehoa ha litheolelo tsa atherosselotic likepeng.
Ke ka lebaka leo tlolo ea metabolism ea cholesterol e etsang hore bophelo ba motho bo fokotsehe.
Sebopeho sa lipoprotein se kenyelletsa liprotheine tse bohareng ba tsona e leng lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides). Ba netefatsa hore lipids tse sa keneleng metsi li kenella ho potoloha.
Lipoprotein li sebetsa e le mokelikeli oa mafura, ao li a nkang sebakeng se nepahetseng ebe li a isa moo ho hlokahalang hona joale.
Lipids tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tse tsamaisang li-triglycerides ke li-chylomicrons
Li-lipoprotein tse tlase haholo (VLDL) lia hlokahala ho tlosa li-triglycerides tse sa tsoa thehoa ho tloha ho sebete ho ea ho lithane tsa adipose.
Intermediate Density Lipoproteins (LPPPs) ke sehokela se pakeng tsa VLDL le LDL.
Li-density lipoproteins tse tlase (LDL) li ikarabella ho tsamaiseng k'holeseterole ho tloha liseleng tsa 'mele' me ho thoe ke cholesterol e mpe.
Li-density lipoproteins tse phahameng (HDL), kapa cholesterol e ntle, li kenella ho bokelleng k'holeseterole ho tsoa liseleng tsa 'mele le ho e khutlisetsa ho sebete.
Hajoale, bo-rasaense ba pakile hore masala a chylomicrons, hammoho le VLDL le LDL, a etsa hore ho be le lefu le kang atherosclerosis.
Lipid metabolism e ka etsahala ka mekhoa e 'meli e meholo - endo native and exo native. Setsi sena se ipapisitse le tšimoloho ea lipids tse botsoang.
Ho fapana hona ha metabolism ke tšobotsi ea k'holeseterole e kene 'meleng ho tloha kantle (ka tšebeliso ea lebese, nama le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa lijo). Phapanyetsano e etsahala ka mekhahlelo.
Mohato oa pele ke ho kenngoa ha cholesterol le mafura ka har'a pampitšana ea ka mpeng, moo li fetoleloang li-chylomicrons,
Ebe li-chylomicrons li fetisetsoa maling ka phallo ea thoracic lymphatic (mokokotlo oa "lymphatic" o bokellang lymph hohle mmeleng).
Joale, ha li kopana le lisele tsa pherekano, li-chylomicrons li fa mafura a tsona. Bokaholimo ba tsona ho na le lipoprotein lipases tse lumellang mafura hore a kenngoe ka mokhoa oa mafura a acid le glycerol, e amehang timetsong ea triglycerides.
Li-chylomicrons tse ling li fokotsoa ka boholo. Ho hlahisoa ha lipoprotein tse se nang letho tse phahameng li etsahala, ebe hamorao li fetisetsoa ho sebete
Tlhahiso ea bona e etsoa ka ho tlama ha apolipoprotein E le li-receptor tsa bona tse setseng.
Ketsahalong eo k'holeseterole e neng e entsoe ka 'meleng oa motho ke sebete, metabolism ea eona e etsahala ho latela molao-motheo o latelang:
- mafura le cholesterol e sa tsoa thehoa 'meleng e hokahana le VLDL.
- VLDL e kena maling, e etsahalang lipakeng tsa lijo, ho tloha moo e fetelang ho lisele tsa thipa.
- Kaha ba se ba fihlile mesifa le mesifa ea adipose, ba khaola glycerol le mafura acid.
- Kamora hore lipoprotein tse fokolang haholo li lahleheloe ke mafura a tsona a mangata, li ea fokola ebe li bitsoa lipoprotein tse mahareng.
- Ho thehwa ha lipoprotein e se nang letho e phahameng, e bokellang lipoprotein tse tlase tse tsoang bokoping.
- Lipoprotein tse pakeng tsa methapo e kenang ka har'a sebete, li monya mali.
- Ke teng moo ba theohang ba le tlas'a tšusumetso ea li-enzymes tsa LDL,
- LDL cholesterol ea potoloha 'me e kenngoa ke lisele tse fapaneng ka ho tlama li-receptor tsa bona tsa lisele ho li-receptor tsa LDL.
Ho na le lipontšo tsa kantle le ka hare tsa cholesterol e phahameng maling. A re ba hlahlobeng ka botlalo.
Kantle Tsena li kenyelletsa mafu a boima bo feteletseng, a holisitsoeng ka sebete le masapo a mokokotlo, mafu a endocrine le a renal, xanthomas letlalong;
Kahare Itšetleha ka hore na ho na le ho ata kapa ho haelloa ke lintho. Lefu la tsoekere, mafu a amanang le lefutso, khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng e ka baka cholesterol e ngata. Maemong a ho bolaoa ke tlala ka boomo le ho se boloke setso sa lijo, ka tšilo ea lijo le bofokoli bo itseng ba lefutso, ho bonoa matšoao a khaello ea lipid.
Ho fihla joale, lingaka li sibollotse maloetse a 'maloa a lefutso a fuoeng, a tšoauoa ka tlolo ea metabolism ea lipid. Hoa khonahala ho fumana li-pathologies tse joalo ka tšebeliso ea liteko tsa pele tsa lipid le mefuta eohle ea liteko.
- Hypercholesterolemia. Ke lefu la lefutso le fetisoang ke tšobotsi e atileng. E na le lits'ebetso tsa ts'ebetso ea tšebetso le tšebetso ea li-receptor tsa LDL. E tšoauoa ka keketseho e kholo ho LDL le nts'etsopele ea diffuse atherosclerosis;
- Hypertriglyceridemia. E tšoauoa ka keketseho ea li-triglycerides hammoho le insulin ho hanyetsa le ho se sebetse hantle maemong a khatello ea mali le maemo a uric acid;
- Liphapang tse teng methating ea metabolic ea lipoprotein tse phahameng. Ke lefu le sa tloaelehang la autosomal moo ho nang le liphetoho liphatseng tsa lefutso, tse lebisang ho fokotseha ha HDL le atherosclerosis ea pele;
- Mefuta e kopaneng ea hyperlipidemia.
Haeba ho sa sebetse hantle kapa ho senyeha ha metabolism ea cholesterol 'meleng ho bohlokoa, ho hlokahala hore ho etsoe kalafo, ho latela litaelo tsa ngaka. Batho ba bangata ba sebelisa mekhoa e meng ea ho fokotsa cholesterol, e atisang ho sebetsa 'me ba thusa ho fokotsa cholesterol, ho sa tsotelehe sesosa sa lefu la ho kula le lilemo tsa mokuli.
Mabapi le cholesterol metabolism e hlalositsoe videong ena.
