'Mele o hloka cholesterol bakeng sa tšebetso e tloaelehileng. Empa ka ho fetella, ts'ebetso e mpe mosebetsing oa litsamaiso tsa bohlokoa, ho kenyelletsa le pelo, e etsahala. Tlolo e joalo e kotsi haholo ho lefu la tsoekere mellitus, hobane hyperglycemia e thusa ho bokella cholesterol e mpe marakong a methapo le ho liehisa ts'ebetso ea ho felisoa ha eona.
Sena se lebisa ho fokotseheng ha phallo ea mali ho batho ba lefu la tsoekere. 'Me lipampiri tse halikiloeng ka har'a lijana li ka lebisa ho senyeha le matsoho.
Ka hona, ho bohlokoa hore batho ba nang le metabolism ea carbohydrate e senyehileng ba tsebe: hobaneng cholesterol ea mali e phahame? Se se bolelang le hore na u ka phekola lefu joang?
Seo u hlokang ho se tseba ka k'holeseterole
Cholesterol ke motsoako o kopantsoeng le joala bo qhibilihang ka bongata e leng karolo ea litho tsa sele. Hoo e ka bang 80% ea ntho eo 'mele o iqapelang eona,' me ke karolo ea 20 lekholong ea cholesterol e tlang le lijo.
Hona le mefuta e 'meli ea joala bo mafura - lipoprotein tse phahameng le tse tlase. HDL e nkoa e le motsoako o ruisang molemo. Li tsamaisa lintho liseleng, li nka karolo ho hlahiseng lihormone tsa thobalano, metabolism ea livithamini le likhalase tse qhibilihang habonolo. Hape, lipoprotein tse phahameng tsa methapo e sireletsa li-membrane tsa lisele, likhoele tsa methapo ebile ke karolo e 'ngoe ea lihlahisoa tsa bile.
LDL ke mohanyetsi oa HDL, ho bokellana ha eona 'meleng ho kenya letsoho ponahalong ea atherosclerosis. Ha lipoprotein tse fokolang tsa methapo e sebelisoa le lisele tsa mmele tsa ho itšireletsa mafung, ho na le kotsi e 'ngoe e etselitsoeng' mele. Ts'ebetsong ena, li-antibodies li entsoe ka mafolofolo tse tšoaetsang eseng sera feela, empa le lisele tse phetseng hantle.
Haeba u sa fokotse boemo ba cholesterol e mpe, joale li-plaque tsa atherosulinotic li tla kenngoa likepeng ka nako e telele. Sena se tla lebisa ho fokotswa ha lumen ea methapo le methapo ea methapo, e tla fella ka ho etsoa ha makatse a mali.
Ho na le liprotheine tse ngata le liplatelese tse tsamaeang le phallo ea mali e tloaelehileng. Ka lebaka leo, mosebetsi oa litho tsa ka hare libakeng tsa blockage oa senyeha.
Khafetsa, liforomo tsa thrombosis mokokotlong, mala, liphio le maoto a tlase. Ho na le linyeoe khafetsa ha li-atherosselotic plaque li thibela phihlello ea limatlafatsi ho litho tsa bohlokoa - bokong le pelong. Ena ke tsela eo litlamorao tse kotsi ka ho fetesisa tsa hypercholesterolemia li ka holisang ka eona - stroke le ho otloa ke pelo, tse atisang ho fella ka lefu.
Setsing sa bongaka, tlhahlobo ea mali a biochemical e tla thusa ho tseba hore na cholesterol e kae. Letšoao le akaretsang la joala bo nang le mafura le kenyelletsa likarolo tse tharo - HDL, LDL le triglycerides (e kenyelitsoeng ho cholesterol).
Lapeng, batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba ka boela ba lekanya cholesterol ba sebelisa methapo ea tsoekere ea mali. Ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore matšoao a fapana, ho latela lilemo, bong le ho ba teng ha mafu a itseng. Palo ea k'holeseterole maling e tsamaellanang le tloaelo:
- Banna Lilemo tse 20 - ho fihla ho 5.99, lilemo tse 50 - ho fihlela ho 7.15, lilemo tse 70 - ho fihla ho 7.10 mmol / l.
- Basali. Lilemo tse 20 - ho fihla ho 5.59, lilemo tse 50 - ho fihla ho 6.8, lilemo tse 70 - ho fihla ho 7.85 mmol / l.
Etiology le matšoao a kliniki a hypercholesterolemia
Batho ba bangata ba lumela hore lisosa tsa k'holeseterole e feteletseng maling li lula tšebelisong e mpe ea lijo tse mafura le tse se nang phepo. Tumelo ke 'nete, empa ntle le taba ena, maloetse a mangata a kenya letsoho kholisong ea atherosclerosis. Tsena ke lefu la tsoekere, khatello ea mali, lefu la Werner, lefu la pelo, hypothyroidism, gout, analbuminemia, kankere ea tšoelesa ea senya, rheumatoid ramatiki, lefu la gallstone.
K'holeseterole ea mali e nyoloha maloetseng a manyeme, liphio, matšoafo, sebete le qoqotho. Ho bokellwa ha ntho e qhibilihang ka mafura ho hlohlelletsoa ke liphetoho tse amanang le botsofe (botsofali), lefutso, mokhoa oa bophelo bo tlase le botenya.
Litlhapi tsa atherosselotic hangata li etsoa hangata ho batho ba sebelisang joala hampe, ba tsubang le basali ba baimana. Hape, ho bokelloa ha LDL 'meleng ho kenya letsoho mofuteng oa meriana e itseng.
Ts'oaetso ea hypercholesterolemia e etsoa ke ngaka ho latela liphetho tsa liteko. Empa o ka belaella boteng ba lefu lena, haeba o ela hloko matšoao a 'maloa:
- Ho tsekela
- bohloko ba sefuba bo hlahang ka tšenyo ea methapo ea mokokotlo;
- bofokoli le ho se khotsofale maoto le matsoho a ka tlase;
- hlooho e bohloko
- ho se sebetse hantle ha erectile ho banna;
- ponahalo ea lekhopho le bosootho bo bobebe likhutlong tsa cornea;
- vein thrombosis;
- mali a kenang ka tlas'a letlalo;
- ho hema hanyane
- ho nyekeloa
Ka atherosulinosis, mokuli a ka tletleba ka ho tlola ha khatello ea mali le angina pectoris.
Mekhoa ea kalafo le setso ea ho theola cholesterol
Ka hypercholesterolemia, meriana ea semmuso e sebelisa lihlopha tse peli tse etellang pele tsa lithethefatsi. Tsena ke li-statins le fenofibrate. E neng e thibela pelehi ea k'holeseterole ka har'a sebete, ka lebaka leo litekanyetso tsa LDL li fokotsoang ke 50%. Hape, lithethefatsi tse fokotsang lipid li fokotsa kotsi ea ho ba le myocardial infarction le pelo ischemia ka 20%, angina pectoris ka 30%.
Statins e ka sebelisoa feela ha maemo a cholesterol a le holimo haholo le litekanyetso tse nyane. Chelete e tsebahalang haholo ho tsoa sehlopheng sena ke Akorta, Krestor, Tevastor, Rosucard.
Fenofibrate e ka fokotsa cholesterol e phahameng. Tsena ke lintho tse tsoang ho fibroic acid, tse emisang lekunutu la lintho tse phelang ka ho sebelisana le bile acid.
Meriana e fokotsa khatello ea "triglycerides" le LDL maling ka 40%. Ka nako e ts'oanang, litaba tsa k'holeseterole e nang le molemo li eketseha ka 30%. Matlapa a tsebahalang a thehiloeng ho molar acid -Gemfibrozil, Lipanor. Lingaka li khothaletsa ho phekola hypercholesterolemia ka lefu la tsoekere le sebelisang fenofibrate joalo ka Lipantil 200M, Tricor.
Mefuta e latelang ea lithethefatsi e tla thusa ho fokotsa cholesterol e mpe maling:
- livithamini PP, VZ;
- li-sequestrants tsa bile acid (Cholestan, Questran);
- asiti ea nicotinic;
- alpha lipoic acid;
- Omega 3.
Mokhoa oa kopo le litekanyetso tsa litlhare tsohle tse kaholimo li khethoa ke ngaka e eang.
Ntle le meriana, litlhare tsa batho li tla thusa lijana tse hloekileng. Kahoo, hoa khonahala ho tlosa cholesterol e kotsi 'meleng ho sebelisa kalafo ea lero. Ntho ea bohlokoa ea kalafo ke hore ka matsatsi a mahlano u hloka ho nka lino-mapholi tse ncha tse tsoang litholoana le meroho.
Ka letsatsi la pele ba e-noa lino tsa lihoete (130 ml) le celery (70 ml). Ka letsatsi la bobeli, sebelisa likomkomere tse ncha, beetroot (70 ml ka 'ngoe) le rantipole (100 ml).
Ka letsatsi la boraro, ho kenyelletsoa apole (70 ml) ho lero la rantipole, 'me ka letsatsi la bone, e ncha e tsoang hop (50 ml). Ka letsatsi la ho qetela, nka seno se sa tsoa qhekelloa sa mohloaare (130 ml).
Hape, litlama tse fapaneng li tla thusa ho ntlafatsa boemo ba LDL le HDL, moo li-decoctions le tinctures li lokiselitsoeng:
| Limela tsa litlhare | Ho pheha | Kopo |
| Bbb | Makhasi (10 g) tšela 0,5 l ea metsi a belang, ts'oarella ka setsing se koetsoeng hora e le ngoe | 1/3 senoelo makhetlo a mararo ka letsatsi |
| Valerian, dill mane na | Peo (halofo ea khalase) le motso (10 g) li tsoakane le mahe a linotsi tse 150 g, tšela metsi a belang (1 l). Tsitlella lihora tse 24 | Ka makhetlo a mararo ka letsatsi, khaba e kholo pele ho lijo |
| Alfalfa | Fafatsa lero ho tloha joang bo bocha | 20 di ml makhetlo a 3 ka letsatsi bakeng sa khoeli |
| Calendula | Lipalesa (20 g) li tšeloa ka metsi a belang, li sesa ka bateng ea metsi ka metsotso e 20 | Marotholi a 30 pele lijo |
| Linden | Lipalesa tse omileng li hlatsoa ka grinder ea kofi | Tee e le 1 pele o e ja katatu |
| Mistletoe, Sophora | 100 g ea litholoana le lipalesa li tšela litara e le 1 tsa joala, tsitlella matsatsi a 21 sebakeng se lefifi | 5 di ml metsotso e 30 pele ho lijo |
| Lemon, konofolo | Lithako li tsoakoa ka karolelano ea 5: 1 'me ea phetoa ka matsatsi a mararo | Tee e le 1 ea letsatsi le letsatsi pele ho lijo |
Pheko ea lijo
Ka tekanyo e phahameng ea acid e mafura maling, melao ea phepo e nepahetseng e ka mekhoa e mengata e ts'oanang le phepelo e fuoeng lefu la tsoekere. Hape ho thibetsoe ho sebelisa lino tse tsoekere le tse nang le khase.
Empa sepheo sa mantlha sa kalafo ea ho ja bakeng sa hypercholesterolemia ke ho felisoa ha lijo tse nang le mafura a tsoang lijong. Ka hona, ho tsoa mokhatlong oa letsatsi le letsatsi o tla tlameha ho khetholla lijo tse bonolo, lijo tse potlakileng, oli e hloekisitsoeng, lore le margarine.
Lijo tse nang le mafura le lijo tsa leoatleng, ho kenyelletsa le oli ea litlhapi, li thibetsoe. Lihlahisoa tsena li ke ke tsa halikisoa kapa tsa phehoa motheong oa tsona oa broths.
Ha ho khothalletsoe ho ja lijo tse bobebe tse sa tsoaneng (li-crackers, li-chips), soseji, lisose, ketchups, nama e tsubang le asene. U ka se noe lebese lohle 'me u je lihlahisoa tse mafura tse tsoang ho lona (botoro, chisi e thata).
Empa boholo ba cholesterol eohle e fumaneha ka offal. Ka hona, lingaka li khothaletsa ho tlosa ka ho sa feleng meroalo, sebete le liphio lijong.
Ka LDL e ngata maling ho menu ea letsatsi le letsatsi eo u hlokang ho e kenyelletsa:
- Lioli tsa limela - mohloaare, sesame, mokopu, tse lohiloeng.
- Litholoana le monokotsoai - li-avocados, grapefruit, blueberries, libanana, likharenate, li-raspberries, molora oa thaba, cranberries, liapole.
- Lithollo - raese e sootho, germ ea koro, habore, poone.
- Linate le lijo-thollo - li-walnuts, Brazil, kedare, peo ea folaxe, mokopu, sesame, soneblomo, lialmonde, li-cashews, li-pecane, li-hazelnuts.
- Meroho - broccoli, li-eggplant, lihoete, tamati, meroho ea motso, li-beet, hop e tšoeu, konofolo.
- Lihlahisoa tse nang le lebese le le letsoai le nang le mafura a tlase - yoghur, kefir, chisi ea chisi;
- Lekhoba le nama - khoho, fillet turkey, salmon, veal, trout, mmutla, tuna.
- Li-legos - soya, likuku, linaoa.
Ho lino-mapholi, o lokela ho khetha li-juices tsa tlhaho le li-compotes. Ho molemo ho hana kofi le ho khetha tee e tala le litlama tse entsoeng ka litlama.
Keletso e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ke ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea letsoai ho ligrama tse 5 ka letsatsi. Lijo li lokela ho nooa ka likarolo tse itekanetseng (eseng tse fetang 200 g ka nako) makhetlo a 6 ka letsatsi.
Mekhoa e khothalletsoang ea ho pheha - kalafo ea mouoane, ho pheha, ho hlapisa U sebelisa litlhahiso tse kaholimo, u ka etsa lethathamo le tla u thusa ho etsa joalo.
| Nako ea lijo | Likhetho tsa lijo |
| Lijoa tsa hoseng | Buckwheat, lierekisi tsa raese, linate, omelet e tšoeu ea mahe, bohobe ba korong, casserole ea chisi kapa likuku tsa oatmeal |
| Lunch | Litholoana, monokotsoai, lijo-thollo tse tsoakiloeng kapa salate ea meroho |
| Lunch | Khoho ea mouoane, likuku tsa tlhapi, sopho ea meroho, tlhapi e halikiloeng kapa e phehiloeng, bohobe ba korong |
| Tee e phahameng | Lebese le phehiloeng le halikiloeng, moro oa rosa e hlaha, salate ea litholoana kapa e ncha |
| Lijo tsa mantsiboea | Litlhapi tse halikiloeng, meroho e halikiloeng, li-biscuits, nama e phehiloeng kapa chisi ea chisi |
| Pele o robala | Khalase ea kefir ea peresente e le 'ngoe, tee e tala kapa ea limela, yoghur ea mafura a tlase |
Mehato ea thibelo
Ho thibela nts'etsopele ea hypercholesterolemia, ho bohlokoa ho phela bophelo bo botle. Ntle le ho latela lijo tse kenyelletsang ho ja lijo tse nang le phepo e tlase, o hloka ho ikoetlisa.
Sena se tla thusa ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele, kaha botenya bo boetse bo thusa ho bonahala ha atherosclerosis. Bo-rasaense ba tsoang Netherlands ba pakile hore halofo e 'ngoe le e ngoe ea li-kilogram e eketsa khatello ea cholesterol maling le 2%. Ho pakoa hore bathong ba kaholimo ho lilemo tse 50, ho ikoetlisa khafetsa ho fokotsa monyetla oa lefu la pelo le makhetlo a mararo.
Mesebetsi e khothalelitsoeng bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere le hypercholesterolemia ke ho tsamaea, lipapali (basketball, tennis), ho sesa, ho matha le ho palama baesekele. U hloka ho qala boikoetliso ka matšoafo, letsatsi le leng le le leng u eketsa bongata ba nako le litlelase.
Lingaka li boetse li eletsa ho tlohela ka ho felletseng mekhoa e mebe. Ho tsuba ho fokotsa ho leka-lekana ha HDL le LDL. Ho feta moo, ha lisakerete tse ngata li tsuba ka letsatsi, ho tla ba le k'holeseterole e mpe maling.
Tai le eona ha e na phello e molemo methapong ea mali. Le hoja e le ka lekhetlo la pele ka mor'a ho noa li-lumen tsa bona li ata. Empa kamora lihora tse 'maloa, e ea hlobaela hape.
Ho pepesetsoa joala khafetsa ho etsa hore likepe li se ke tsa thella, tsa robeha habonolo le ho lemala habonolo ha nako e ntse e tsamaea. Ethanol e kotsi haholo bakeng sa methapo e meholo e fepang boko le pelo.
Thibelo ea hypercholesterolemia e kenyelletsa ho boloka boemo bo tsitsitseng ba maikutlo. Khatello ea kelello e netefalitsoe ho eketsa cholesterol ea mali. Ho feta moo, bophahamo ba eona ha bo fokotsehe ho fihlela motho a theoleha ka botlalo.
Ho thibela ponahalo kapa tsoelo-pele ea hypercholesterolemia, batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba lokela ho etela ngaka khafetsa le ho etsa tlhahlobo ea mali e nang le biochemical. Ka ho khetheha, tlhahiso ena e sebetsa ho banna ba kaholimo ho lilemo tse 35, le basali ba nang le ho khaotsa ho ilela ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli, ba nang le kotsi e kholo ea ho etsoa ha cholesterol plaque.
Seo u lokelang ho se etsa ka k'holeseterole e phahameng se tla bolella litsebi video ho sengoloa sena.
