U ka lekana joang ka nepo lethathamo la insulin ho mokuli ea nang le lefu la tsoekere (Algorithm)

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Phekolo ea insulin hajoale ke eona feela tsela ea ho lelefatsa bophelo ba batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 le lefu la tsoekere le matla la mofuta oa 2. Tekanyo e nepahetseng ea lipalo tsa insulin e hlokahalang e u lumella ho etsisa haholo tlhahiso ea tlhaho ea hormone ena ho batho ba phetseng hantle.

Algorithm ea khetho ea litekanyetso e ipapisitse le mofuta oa lithethefatsi tse sebelisitsoeng, mofuta o khethiloeng oa kalafo ea insulin, phepo e nepahetseng le physiology ea mokuli ea nang le lefu la tsoekere. Ho khona ho bala tekanyetso ea pele, fetola boholo ba lithethefatsi ho latela lik'habohaedreite lijong, ho tlosa li-hyperglycemia tsa episodic hoa hlokahala ho bakuli bohle ba nang le lefu la tsoekere. Qetellong, tsebo ena e tla thusa ho qoba mathata a mangata le ho fana ka bophelo bo botle ba lilemo tse mashome.

Mefuta ea insulin ka nako ea ketso

Boholo ba insulin lefatšeng bo hlahisoa limeleng tsa meriana tse sebelisang mahlale a boenjiniere ba liphatsa tsa lefutso. Ha ho bapisoa le litokisetso tse felletseng tsa tlhaho ea liphoofolo, lihlahisoa tsa kajeno li tšoauoa ka tlhoekiso e phahameng, bonyane ba litla-morao, le phello e tsitsitseng, e boletsoeng esale pele. Joale, bakeng sa kalafo ea lefu la tsoekere, ho sebelisoa mefuta e 'meli ea lihormone: li-analogue tsa batho le tsa insulin.

Molek'hule ea insulin ea motho e pheta ka botlalo molek'hule ea hormone e hlahisoang 'meleng. Tsena ke lithethefatsi tse sebetsanang le nako e khuts'oane. NPH ea nako e mahareng le eona ke ea sehlopha sena. Ba na le nako e telele ea ts'ebetso, lihora tse ka bang 12, ka lebaka la tlatsetso ea protheine ea protheine ho moriana.

Sebopeho sa insulin se fapane ka sebopeho ho tsoa ho insulin ea motho. Ka lebaka la litšobotsi tsa molek'hule, lithethefatsi tsena li ka etsa tefo ea lefu la tsoekere haholoanyane. Tsena li kenyelletsa li-ultrashort agents tse qalang ho fokotsa tsoekere metsotso e 10 kamora ho ts'oaroa, ho sebetsa nako e telele le ho qeta nako e telele, ho sebetsa letsatsi ho fihlela lihora tse 42.

Lefu la tsoekere le khatello e matla e tla ba ntho ea khale

  • Ts'oarelo ea tsoekere -95%
  • Ho felisoa ha vein thrombosis - 70%
  • Ho felisa ho otla ha pelo e matla -90%
  • Ho tlosa khatello e phahameng ea mali - 92%
  • Keketseho ea matla mots'eare, ho ntlafatsa boroko bosiu -97%
Mofuta oa insulinNako ea mosebetsiMerianaHo khethoa
E khutšoanyane haholoHo qala ha ts'ebetso ke kamora metsotso e 5-15, phello e kholo ke kamora lihora tse 1.5.Humalog, Apidra, NovoRapid Flexpen, NovoRapid Penfill.Etsa kopo pele ho lijo. Ba ka potlakisa tsoekere ea mali. Ho baloa ha litekanyetso ho latela boholo ba lik'habohaedreite tse fanoang ke lijo. E boetse e sebelisoa ho lokisa hyperglycemia kapele.
NakoanaE qala ka halofo ea hora, tlhoro e oela ka lihora tse 3 kamora ho ente.Actrapid NM, Humulin Kamehla, Insuman Rapid.
Ketso ea maharengE sebetsa lihora tse 12-16, tlhoro - lihora tse 8 kamora ente.Humulin NPH, Protafan, Biosulin N, Gensulin N, Insuran NPH.E tloaetse ho etsa tsoekere e tloaelehileng. Ka lebaka la nako ea ts'ebetso, ba ka kenella makhetlo a 1-2 ka letsatsi. Tekanyetso e khethoa ke ngaka ho latela boima ba mokuli, nako ea lefu la tsoekere le boemo ba lihormone 'meleng.
E tšoarella nako e teleleNako ke lihora tse 24, ha ho na tlhoro.Levemir Penfill, Levemir FlexPen, Lantus.
E telele haholoNako ea mosebetsi - lihora tse 42.Tciousba PenfillKe mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 feela. Khetho e ntle ho bakuli ba sa khone ho enta ba le bang.

Palo ea palo e hlokahalang ea insulin e nkang nako e telele

Ka tloaelo, manyeme a etsa "insulin" nako le nako, ka nako e le 'ngoe ka hora. Sena ke seo ho thoeng ke insal insulin. Ka thuso ea eona, tsoekere ea mali e lula bosiu le ka mpeng e se nang letho. Ho etsisa tlhahiso ea ka morao ea insulin, ho sebelisoa lihormone tse mahareng le tse telele.

  • >> Lenane la insulin ea nako e telele

Bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 ha ba na insulin ena e lekaneng, ba hloka liente tsa meriana e potlakileng bonyane makhetlo a mararo ka letsatsi, pele ho lijo. Empa ka lefu la mofuta oa 2, ente e le 'ngoe kapa tse peli tsa insulin e telele hangata li lekane, hobane palo e itseng ea lihomone e patiloe ke makhopho a bongola.

Palo ea tekanyetso ea insulin e nkang nako e telele e etsoa pele ho tsohle, hobane ntle le ho khotsofatsa ka botlalo litlhoko tsa mantlha tsa 'mele, ho ke ke ha khonahala ho khetha tekanyetso e nepahetseng ea ho itokisa ha nakoana,' me ka mor'a lijo tse tsoekere tse tsoekere ka nako e itseng li tla etsahala.

Algorithm ea ho bala lethal dose ea insulin ka letsatsi:

  1. Re tseba boima ba mokuli.
  2. Re eketsa boima ka ntlha ho tloha ho 0,3 ho isa ho 0.5 bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2, haeba makhopho a ntse a khona ho etsa insulin.
  3. Re sebelisa coeffanele ea 0.5 bakeng sa mofuta oa 1 lefu la tsoekere qalong ea lefu lena, le 0,7 - kamora lilemo tse 10 ho tloha ho qala ha lefu lena.
  4. Re nka 30% ea lethalamo le amoheloang (hangata ho fihla ho liuniti tse 14) ebe re li tsamaisetsa litsamaisong tse 2 - hoseng le mantsiboea.
  5. Re hlahloba litekanyetso tsa matsatsi a 3: ka lekhetlo la pele re tlola lijo tsa hoseng, lijong tsa bobeli tsa motšeare, ka la boraro - lijong tsa mantsiboea. Nakong ea tlala, boemo ba tsoekere bo lokela ho lula bo le haufi le bo tloaelehileng.
  6. Haeba re sebelisa NPH-insulin, re hlahloba glycemia pele ho lijo tsa mantsiboea: ka nako ena, tsoekere e ka fokotsoa ka lebaka la ho qala ha phello e phahameng ea lithethefatsi.
  7. Motheong oa data e fumaneng, re lokisa lipalo tsa lethal dose la pele: fokotsa kapa ho nyoloha ka likarolo tse peli, ho fihlela glycemia e hola.

Tekanyetso e nepahetseng ea hormone e hlahlojoa ho latela mekhoa e latelang:

  • ho ts'ehetsa glycemia e tloaelehileng ea ho itima lijo ka letsatsi, ha ho hlokahale liente tse fetang tse peli;
  • ha ho na hypoglycemia ea bosiu (tekanyo e etsoa bosiu ka hora ea 3);
  • pele o ja, boemo ba tsoekere bo haufi le sepheo;
  • Tekanyetso ea insulin e telele ha e fetise halofo ea kakaretso ea lithethefatsi, hangata ho tloha 30%.

Tlhokahalo ea insulin e khuts'oane

Ho bala insulin e khutšoane ho sebelisoa mohopolo o ikhethileng - karolo ea bohobe. E lekana le ligrama tse 12 tsa lik'habohaedreite. XE e le 'ngoe e ka ba sengoathoana sa bohobe, halofo ea bun, halofo ea pasta. O ka fumana hore na ho na le likarolo tse kae tsa bohobe ka poleiti u sebelisa sekala le litafole tse ikhethileng tsa batho ba lefu la tsoekere, tse bontšang palo ea XE ho 100 g ea lihlahisoa tse fapaneng.

  • >> Tse tummeng li-insulin

Ha nako e ntse e tsamaea, bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba khaotsa ho hloka boima ba lijo kamehla, 'me ba ithuta ho khetholla lik'habohaedreite tse ho eona ka leihlo. Ha e le molao, tekanyo ena e lekanyelitsoeng e lekane ho fumana tekanyetso ea insulin le ho fihlella Normoglycemia.

Short insulin dosage calculation algorithm:

  1. Re chechisa karolo ea lijo, re e lekanye, re tsebe hore na XE e kae.
  2. Re bala tekanyo e hlokahalang ea insulin: re eketsa XE ka bongata ba insulin e hlahisoang ke motho ea phetseng hantle ka nako e itseng ea letsatsi (bona tafole e ka tlase).
  3. Re hlahisa moriana. Ketso e khuts'oane - halofo ea hora pele ho lijo, ultrashort - pele feela kapa hang hang ka mor'a lijo.
  4. Kamora lihora tse peli, re lekanya tsoekere ea mali, ka nako ena e lokela ho ba tloaelehileng.
  5. Ha ho hlokahala, fetola tekanyetso: ho fokotsa tsoekere ka 2 mmol / l, ho hlokahala karolo e le 'ngoe ea insulin.
Ho jaLi-insulin tsa XU
Lijoa tsa hoseng1,5-2,5
Lunch1-1,2
Lijo tsa mantsiboea1,1-1,3

Ho tsamaisa ts'ebetso ea lipalo tsa insulin, bukana ea phepo e nepahetseng e tla thusa, e bonts'ang glycemia pele le ka mor'a lijo, tekanyo ea XE e jeoang, tekanyetso le mofuta oa lithethefatsi tse tsamaisitsoeng. Ho tla ba bonolo ho khetha lethal dose haeba u ja mofuta o le mong ka lekhetlo la pele, sebelisa likarolo tse tšoanang tsa lik'habohaedreite le liprotheine ka nako e le ngoe. U ka bala XE 'me u boloke daete inthaneteng kapa mananeong a ikhethang a lifono.

Regimens ea kalafo ea insulin

Ho na le mekhoa e 'meli ea kalafo ea "insulin": ea setso le e matla. Ea pele e kenyelletsa litekanyetso tsa insulin kamehla, tse boletsoeng ke ngaka. Ea bobeli e kenyelletsa liente tsa 1-2 tsa palo e khethiloeng ea hormone e telele le tse 'maloa - e khutšoane, e baloang nako le nako pele ho lijo. Khetho ea mofuta oa mofuta o itšetlehile ka ho teba ha lefu lena le boikemisetso ba mokuli ba ho itaola tsoekere ea mali ka boithati.

Mokgwa wa setso

Tekanyetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea hormone e baloang e arotsoe likarolo tse peli: hoseng (2/3 ea kakaretso) le mantsiboea (1/3). Insulin e khuts'oane ke 30-40%. U ka sebelisa litlolo tse lokiselitsoeng hore li-insulin tse khutšoane le tsa basal li kopantsoeng joalo ka 30:70.

Melemo ea puso ea setso ke ho ba sieo ha tlhoko ea ho sebelisa li-algorithms tsa tekanyetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi, litekanyo tsa glucose tse sa tloaelehang, ka matsatsi a mang le a mang a 1-2. E ka sebelisoa bakeng sa bakuli ba sa tsebeng kapa ba sa batleng ho laola tsoekere ea bona khafetsa.

Bohlokoa bo boholo ba regimen ea setso ke hore boholo ba nako ea ho kenella ka har'a insulin ha e lumellane ho hang le tlhahiso ea insulin ho motho ea phetseng hantle. Haeba li-hormone tsa tlholeho li etsetsoa tšebeliso ea tsoekere, joale ntho e ngoe le e ngoe e etsahala ka tsela e 'ngoe e potileng: ho fihlela glycemia e tloaelehileng, o tlameha ho fetola mokhoa oa hau oa ho ja hore o be le insulin e kenang. Ka lebaka leo, bakuli ba tobane le phepo e matla, ho kheloha ho hong le ho hong ho ka bakang ho ba le hypoglycemic kapa hyperglycemic coma.

Mokhoa o matla

Phekolo ea insulin e matla e tsejoa hohle e le mofuta o tsoetseng pele ka ho fetisisa oa insulin. E boetse e bitsoa basal bolus, kaha e ka etsisa ka bobeli, basal, secretion ea lihormone, le bolus insulin, e hlahisitsoeng ka lebaka la keketseho ea tsoekere ea mali.

Monyetla o sa belaelloang oa puso ena ke ho haella ha lijo. Haeba mokuli ea nang le lefu la tsoekere a tseba ho bala hantle le ho fokotsa lefu la glycemia, a ka ja joaloka motho ea phetseng hantle.

Morero oa ts'ebeliso e matla ea insulin:

Liente tse hlokahalangMofuta oa li-hormone
haufinyanetelele
Pele ho lijo tsa hoseng

+

+

Pele ho lijo tsa motšeare

+

-

Pele ho lijo tsa mantsiboea

+

-

Pele o robala

-

+

Ha ho na lethaliti le khethehileng la insulin letsatsi le leng le le leng, le fetoha letsatsi le leng le le leng ho latela litšobotsi tsa lijo, boemo ba ho ikoetlisa kapa ho mpefala ha mafu a kopaneng. Ha ho na moeli o kaholimo ho palo ea insulin, mohloli o ka sehloohong oa ts'ebeliso e nepahetseng ea lithethefatsi ke lipalo tsa glycemia. Bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba kula haholo ba lokela ho sebelisa metara khafetsa motšeare (hoo e ka bang 7), mme ba ipapisitse le datha ea tekanyo, ho fetola lethal dose le latelang la insulin.

Boithuto bo bongata bo bontšitse hore standardoglycemia ho lefu la tsoekere e ka fumaneha feela ka ts'ebeliso e matla ea insulin. Ho bakuli, hemoglobin ea glycated e fokotseha (7% ha e bapisoa le 9% ka mokhoa oa setso), menyetla ea retinopathy le neuropathy e fokotseha ka 60%, mme mathata a nephropathy le pelo a ka ba ka tlase ho 40%.

Khalemelo ea Hyperglycemia

Kamora ho qala ts'ebeliso ea insulin, ho hlokahala ho fetola palo ea lithethefatsi ka 1 XE ho latela litšobotsi tsa motho ka mong. Ho etsa sena, nka halofo e lekaneng ea lik'habohaedreite bakeng sa lijo tse fanoeng, insulin e fanoa, ka mor'a hore glucose ea lihora tse 2 e lekanngoe. Hyperglycemia e bonts'a ho haella ha lihormone, coeffambile e hloka ho eketsoa hanyane. Ka tsoekere e tlase, coeffanele ea fokotseha. Ka daari e sa khaotseng, kamora libeke tse 'maloa, u tla ba le data ka tlhoko ea hau ea insulin ka linako tse fapaneng tsa letsatsi.

Leha e le karo-karolelano ea nama ea nama ea kolobe e khethiloeng hantle ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, ka linako tse ling hyperglycemia e ka hlaha. E ka bakoa ke ts'oaetso, maemo a sithabetsang, ts'ebetso e nyane e sa tloaelehang ea 'mele, liphetoho tsa li-hormone. Ha hyperglycemia e fumanoa, ho kenyelletsa lethal dose ea ho lokisa, eo ho thoeng ke poplite ho insulin.

Glycemia, mol / l

Poplite,% ea lethal dose ka letsatsi

10-14

5

15-18

10

>19

15

Ho bala tekanyo ea poplite ka nepo, o ka sebelisa sesosa sa khalemelo. Bakeng sa insulin e khuts'oanyane, ke insulin ea 83 / letsatsi le letsatsi, bakeng sa ultrashort - 100 / insulin ea letsatsi le letsatsi. Mohlala, ho fokotsa tsoekere ka 4 mmol / l, mokuli ea nang le lethal dose ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea li-unit tse 40, a sebelisa Humalog e le tokisetso ea bolus, o lokela ho etsa lipalo tsena: 4 / (100/40) = 1,6 unit. Re pota boleng bona ho isa ho 1.5, re kenyelletsa lethal dose le hlahlamang la "insulin" le ho le tsamaisa pele ho lijo, joalo ka tloaelo.

Sesosa sa hyperglycemia e kanna ea ba mokhoa o fosahetseng oa ho tsamaisa lihormone:

  • Insulin e khuts'oane e kenngoa hamolemo ka mpeng, e telele - seropeng kapa mokokotlong.
  • Nako e lekanang ea nako ho tloha ka ente ho ea lijong e bontšoa ka litaelo tsa moriana.
  • Siling ha e ntšoa metsotsoana e 10 ka mor'a ente, ka nako ena kaofela ba ts'oere lesaka la letlalo.

Haeba ente e etsoa ka nepo, ha ho na lisosa tse bonahalang tsa hyperglycemia, 'me tsoekere e ntse e eketseha khafetsa, ho hlokahala hore u etele ngaka ea hau ho eketsa tekanyetso ea insulin ea mantlha.

Tse ling tse mabapi le taba ena: mokhoa oa ho enta insulin hantle ka mokhoa o sa utloiseng bohloko

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