Tlhahlobo e nepahetseng, ho khethoa ha kalafo ho hloka letoto la liteko tsa laboratori.
Mokhoa oa ho khetholla tsoekere ea serum ke sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa sa ho fumana hyper- le hypoglycemia ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere.
Mokhoa o u lumella ho fetola phekolo ea bongaka ea mathata ana a metabolic. Lefu la ho lemoha litekanyetso tsa tsoekere le lona le ka etsahala maling ohle le plasma ea lona.
Mekhoa ea ho khetholla tsoekere maling
Ho hlahisitsoe mekhoa e mengata bakeng sa ho lekanya palo ea tsoekere maling.
Tse ling tsa tsona (reductometric, colorimetric) ha li sebelisoe ka lebaka la chefo e phahameng le ho nepahala ha sephetho.
Hangata, ho sebelisoa lithuto tsa enzymatic. Mokhoa oa glucose oxidase ke mokhoa oa ho arabela oa mmala o etsahalang ha lik'habohaedreite li futhumetse. Hexokinase e etsa qeto ea ts'ebetso ea mali ho hexokinase.
Mokhoa oa glucose oxidase
Mokhoa oa glucose oxidase oa ho khetholla tsoekere ea mali o thehiloe ho motsoako oa eona oa oxidation tlasa ts'usumetso ea enzyme. Tabeng ena, haedrojene ea hydrogen e thehiloe, e hlahisa chromogen ea ntho, kholiseho ea eona e lekanyang palo ea tsoekere.
Mokhoa oa glucose oxidase o sebelisetsoa:
- lefutso la lefutso;
- pentosuria;
- lactulose ho hloka mamello.
Phoso ea thuto ke hore hydrogen peroxide e khona ho hlahisa chromogen hammoho le ascorbic acid, uric acid le bilirubin tse teng maling. Tekanyo ea tsoekere e lekantsoe ka mokhoa oa ho nka lifoto, datha ho matla a ho lekola a bapisoa le graph ea calibration.
Maemong a laboratori, o ka khetholla boemo ba ntho:
- maling a venous. Bahlahlobi ba ikemetseng ba sebelisoa;
- maling a capillary. Terata e etsoa ho tloha monoana.
Mokhoa oa electrochemical o na le ts'ebeliso ea li-electrodes tse nang le glucose oxidase. Lenane la hydrogen peroxide e thehiloeng, kapa boemo bo setseng ba oksijene e sebelisoang ts'ebetsong ea oxidation, bo ikemiselitse.
Mokhoa oa Hexokinase
Mokhoa oa hexokinase o thehiloe ho karabelo ea biochemical e u lumellang hore u tsebe tekanyo ea ts'ebetso ea serum hexokinase.Ntho ke ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsoekere ea "glucose metabolism" e fokotsang lebelo la tšebetso liseleng.
Tlas'a maemo a laboratori, phosphorylates ea tsoekere tlasa ketso ea hexokinase ka lebaka la adenosine triphosphoric acid.
Ka lebaka la karabelo, ho thehoa limolek'hule tsa 'mele, tseo boholo ba tsona bo khetholloang ke boemo ba ho chabeloa ha leseli sebakeng sa ultraviolet. Karabelo e potlakileng haholo ea hexokinase le eona e ka ba sesupo sa maloetse a bohloko.
Litokisetso tsa tlhahlobo
Lithuto tsa serum ea mali bakeng sa glucose li etselitsoe:
- mefuta ka bobeli ea lefu la tsoekere ho hlahloba, ho hlahloba mafu;
- ho senyeha ha tšoelesa ea qoqotho.
- ho nona ho feta tekano;
- mamello ea tsoekere e sa sebetseng hantle.
Pele ho tlhahlobo, maemo a mmaloa a tlameha ho shebeloa e le hore liphetho li ka tšeptjoa ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang:
- thuto e etsoa ka mpeng e se nang letho. Lisebelisoa li nkuoa hoseng;
- matsatsi a 'maloa pele ho lefu lena, u tlameha ho qoba ho ikitlaetsa ka matla' meleng, khatello ea maikutlo;
- lijong tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa mokuli e lokela ho ba bonyane ligrama tse 150 tsa lik'habohaedreite. Ka khaello, tsoekere ea glucose e tla eketseha, 'me e theoha butle, e nyenyefatsang data ea tlhahlobo;
- ka letsatsi le leng pele ho lefu lena, u ke ke ua tsuba le ho noa joala;
- U ke ke ua khanna thuto ka mor'a ts'ebetso e boima, ho tsoala ngoana, boteng ba ho ruruha. Tlhahlobo e hokahane le cirrhosis ea sebete, ho mpefala ha maloetse a ka mpeng;
- matsatsi a 'maloa pele ho thuto, ha ua lokela ho etsa ts'ebetso ea' mele, ho nka lithibela-pelehi tsa molomo, li-diuretics, lithethefatsi tsa psychotropic, caffeine.
Tlhahlobo e ka fana ka sephetho se setle sa mafu a hypokalemia le endocrine (Cushing's syndrome, thyrotooticosis).
Sekhahla sa tsoekere ea Serum ka lilemo
Melao e tloaelehileng e latela lilemo:
- maling a likhoele a ka ba teng ho tloha ho 2,5 ho isa ho 5,3 mmol / l;
- ho masea a tlang pele ho nako - ho tloha ho 1.1 ho isa ho 3 mmol / l;
- ho bana ba letsatsi la pele la bophelo - ho tloha ho 2.22 ho isa ho 3.33;
- ka khoeli ea lilemo tse tsoang ho 2.7 ho isa ho 4,4;
- ho bana ba ka holimo ho lilemo tse 6 - ho tloha ho 3,3 ho isa ho 5.5 mmol / l;
- ho batho ba baholo ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 60 - ho tloha ho 4,4 ho isa ho 6,3;
- ho batho ba baholo - ho tloha 4,6 ho isa ho 6.1 mmol / l.
Hypoglycemia ho batho ba baholo e fumanoa ka boleng ba glucose e ka tlase ho 3.3 mmol / l, le hyperglycemia - ho feta 6.1 mmol / l
Keketseho / ho fokotseha ho supa eng?
Hyperglycemia (keketseho ea tsoekere ea mali) e bonoa le:
- tlolo ea tšebetso ea lihormone ea gland ea pituitary, tšoelesa ea qoqotho: thyrotooticosis, acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome;
- Ho kula ho bakoang ke lefu la tsoekere: lefu la tsoekere, pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, tumor phenomena, hemochromatosis;
- mafu a sebete, liphio;
- ho senyeha ha tsamaiso ea methapo: ho ruruha, ho ruruha, likotsi tsa bokong;
- chefo ka ether, hydrocyanic acid;
- le meningitis, lefu la sethoathoa;
- Maloetse a pelo: infarction ea myocardial, angina pectoris;
- khaello ea vithamine B 1;
- ho chesa haholo.
Hypoglycemia e bonoa ho bakuli ba nang le:
- hlahala ea li-isanc tsa pancreatic, khaello ea glucagon;
- Tšenyo ea sebete e bakoang ke chefo ea arsenic, lino tse tahang, li-antihistamines, phosphorus, metsoako ea mercury, benzene, paracetamol;
- lefu la sebete ha lera la glycogen, li-gluconeogenesis li senyeha;
- mathata a endocrine: lefu la addison, hypothyroidism;
- mafu a a liphio, mala ka lebaka la malabsorption.
Livideo tse amanang
Mabapi le boikemisetso ba serum glucose maling maling ho video:
Qeto ea maemo a tsoekere e bohlokoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo e nepahetseng ea bongaka le khalemelo ea kalafo bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere. Mokhoa oa hexokinase oa ho sekaseka o kenyelletsa boikemisetso ba ts'ebetso ea serum hexokinase. Mokhoa oa glucose oxidase o khetholla palo ea ntho ho plasma, fluid fluid.
Tlhahlobo e etsoa ka mpeng e se nang letho. Bosiung ba thuto, u ke ke ua ikoetlisa ka matla, ua noa joala le ho tsuba. Bohlokoa ba mokhoa ona ke ho ithuta karabelo ea glucose oxidation le ho nka karolo ha enzyme glucose oxidase, nakong eo ho haeloang hydrogen peroxide.
Hangata, mokhoa ona o sebelisoa mafapheng a lipetlele tsa endocrinology. Tlhahlobo e etsoa ho sebelisoa mohlauli ea itlhahlobisang, foto. Ka tšohanyetso, ho sebelisoa li-glucometer tse nkehang.
