Cholesterol ke motsoako oa tlhaho ea tlhaho, joala ba polycyclic lipophilic, e leng karolo ea likarolo tsa sele e ka bang lintho tsohle tse phelang.
Cholesterol ha e na metsi ka bongata. E qhibiliha ka mafura le lintho tse sebelisoang manyolo ka bongata.
Hoo e ka bang 4/5 ea k'holeseterole e hlokoang ke 'mele e hlahisoa ke' mele ka boeona. Karolo ena e hlahisoa haholo ke lisele tsa sebete. Mmele o fumana 1/5 ea bonyane ba bophahamo bo hlokahalang ba bokahohle bo tsoang tikolohong e kantle nakong ea phepo e nang le likarolo tsa lijo.
Karolo ea tlhaho ea cholesterol 'meleng
Khemikhale e fumaneha 'meleng ka mefuta e' meli e meholo. Mefuta ena ea likhomphutha e bitsoa lipoprotein tse phahameng le tse tlase.
Cholesterol e tiisa ho hanyetsa ha membrane ea membrane ea lisele ho liphetoho tsa mocheso.
Cholesterol e ameha ho kopantseng ha palo e kholo ea metsoako e sebetsang ea bioloji.
Ntho ena e kentse letsoho lits'ebetsong tse latelang:
- Cholesterol ke mokelikeli oa lera oa cell membrane.
- E nka karolo mofuteng oa lihormone tsa thobalano tsa steroid.
- Ke karolo e amehang ho hlahiseng corticosteroids.
- Cholesterol ke motheo oa motsoako oa li-acid acid.
- K'hemik'hale ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tse kenyellelitsoeng motsoeng oa vithamine D.
- E fana ka permeability ea membrane ea lisele.
- E thibela litlamorao tsa chefo ea hemolytic liseleng tse khubelu tsa mali.
Kaha cholesterol ha e na metsi ka bongata, ka sebopeho sa mali e kena setsing se rarahaneng se nang le liprotheine tse khethehileng tsa transporter, li etsa li-complexes - lipoprotein.
Lipalamiana tse kenang lipakeng tsa ntho ena li etsoa ke chylomicron, VLDL le LDL.
Ho nka karolo liphihlelong tse fapaneng tsa metabolic, li-cholesterol tse tsoang ka ho khetheha li thehiloe 'meleng oa motho.
Lintho tse ka sehloohong tse hlahisang cholesterol ke li-acid acid, lihormone tsa steroid, vithamine D le cholestanos.
Metsoako e meng e bakoang ke lik'hemik'hale e ameha ho fana ka ts'ireletso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Li sireletsa khahlanong le mefuta e fapaneng ea tšoaetso ea vaerase.
Mesebetsi ea Bile Acid
Cholesterol 'meleng e tloaetse ho ba le oxidation. E fetoleloa mefuteng e fapaneng ea li-steroid. Hoo e ka bang 70% ea palo e fumanehang ea lik'hemik'hale tsa mahala e kenella ts'ebetsong ea oxidation.
Ho thehoa ha li-acid acid ho etsoa ke lisele tsa sebete. Ho kenella le ho bolokoa ha li-acid acid ho etsoa ka gallbladder. Haeba ho hlokahala, li isoa ka har'a lumen ea mala a manyane.
Ho tsoa hoa k'holeseterole ho ameha ts'ebetsong ea tšilo ea lijo.
Bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa har'a li-bile acid ke cholic acid. Ntle le karolo ena, metsoako e kang deoxycholic, chenodeoxycholic le lithocholic acid li hlahisoa ka har'a sebete. Karolong e itseng, li-acid tsena li teng ka har'a mofuta oa letsoai.
Lintho tsena ke likarolo tsa mantlha tsa bile. Mehloli e tlatsetsa ho feliseng lipids.
Hormones Derivatives ea Cholesterol
Ntle le ho nka karolo ho hlahiseng li-acids tsa k'holera, cholesterol e kenella ho bopteng ba palo e kholo ea lihormone.
Lihormone tse hlahisitsoeng ka ho nka karolo ha joala ba polycyclic lipophilic li laola mesebetsi ea mantlha ea 'mele.
Ke lihormone life tse hlahang nakong ea metabolism ea cholesterol?
Lintho tse tlisoang ke motsoako ona oa lik'hemik'hale li kenyelletsa lihlopha tse 5 tsa lihormone tse matla tsa:
- li-progestin;
- glucocorticoids;
- mineralocorticoids;
- androgens;
- estrogens.
Progesterone hammoho le progestogen li hlophisa tokiso ea popelo ho kenya lehe le emolisitsoeng.
Ntle le moo, progesterone ea hlokahala molemong oa kemolo e tloaelehileng. Progesterone hammoho le li-hormone tse ling tse ikhethileng e ikarabella ho netefatsa hore monna o etsa mosebetsi oa hae oa ho ikatisa ka botlalo. E 'ngoe ea melemo ea k'holeseterole e fanang ka phethahatso e felletseng ea mesebetsi ea monna ke' mele ke testosterone.
Lihormone tse tsoang sehlopheng sa androgens li ikarabella ho nts'etsopele ea likarolo tsa bobeli tsa thobalano ho banna, mme li-estrogens li ikarabella bakeng sa ponahalo le nts'etsopele ea matšoao a bobeli ho basali.
Glucocorticoids e nka karolo mokhoeng oa glycogen hape e fana ka khatello ea maikutlo a tšoaetsanoang motheong oa ho ruruha ho etsahalang 'meleng oa motho.
Mineralocorticoids e ama tšebetso ea liphio. Matla a bona a lebisa keketseho ea phallo ea mali ho litho tsena le keketseho ea khatello ea mali.
Boemo ba maikutlo ba motho le boemo ba hae ba maikutlo bo itšetlehile haholo ka ho ba teng le khatello ea li-endorphin, e leng li-hormone tsa thabo. Lintho tsena tse sebetsang ka bioloji le tsona li tsoa ho joala ba polycyclic lipophilic.
Karolo ea lihormone tsa steroid ke bokhoni ba tsona ba ho kenella habonolo kahara membrane ea sele le bokhoni bo phahameng ba ho ikamahanya le li-receptor tse ikhethang ho cytoplasm kapa nucleus ea sele e behiloeng.
Lihormone tsa Steroid li tsamaisoa ka molapo oa mali moo li thehang metsoako e nang le liprotheine tse khethehileng tsa lipalangwang.
Vitamin D le li-cholestanos
Tai ea polycyclic lipophilic ke selelekela sa vithamine D. Ntho ena e sebetsang e nkile karolo e kholo ho netefatseng ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ea 'mele. Karolo ena e kentse letsoho ho metabolism ea calcium le phosphorus. Lintho tsena li hlokahala haholo molemong oa kaho e tloaelehileng ea lisele tsa masapo.
Ka lebaka la karabelo ea metabolic, vithamine D e fetoloa calcitriol. Kamora nako, motsoako ona o liseleng o hokahana le li-receptor tse itseng mme o laola tlhahiso ea liphatsa tsa lefutso. Ka palo e sa lekaneng ea vithamine D 'meleng, nts'etsopele ea li-rickets e bonoa bongoaneng.
Ntho e 'ngoe e tsoang ho joala ba polycyclic lipophilic ke cholestanos. Khemik'hale ena ea lik'hemik'hale ke sehlopha sa li-steroid. Ho ba teng ha ntho ena ho bonoa litšoeleng tsa adrenal, moo e bokellanang. Hajoale, karolo ea karolo ena ha e utloisisehe ka botlalo.
Cholesterol 'meleng e fetoloa palo e kholo ea likarolo tse fapaneng tsa bioloji tse sebetsang. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore ba bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa har'a bona ka mantsoe a mangata ke li-acid acid. Metsoako ena e sebetsa e le li-emulsifying tse matla 'me, ka mor'a ho kenngoa ka mpeng, e kena ka har'a sebete, ho tloha moo e ka sebelisoang hape. Lintho tsena li fana ka tšilo le ho phatloha hoa mafura a tsoang lijong nakong ea tšilo ea lijo.
Mabapi le cholesterol metabolism e hlalositsoe videong ena.
