Cholesterol ke sesebelisoa se kang mafura seo e leng karolo ea sebopeho sa litho tsa litho tsa sele.
Karolo ena e hlahisoa ke mmele ka 4/5 mme ke 1/5 feela ea chelete e hlokahalang e kenang kahare ho eona e tsoa tikolohong e kantle le lijo tse setseng.
Ho na le mabaka a mangata a ho eketsa cholesterol.
Cholesterol ke eng?
Cholesterol e phahamisitsoeng e ka nkoa e le bothata bo atileng haholo lefatšeng la sejoale-joale.
Hangata, lefu la mofuta o joalo le hlaha ho baemeli ba halofo ea banna, e amanang le ho pepesehela mekhoa e mebe, ho phaella ho sena, banna haholo ba ja lijo tse halikiloeng le tse mafura ho feta basali.
Boemo ba lipids bo angoa ke ho tsuba, ho nwa, ho phela bophelo ba ho lula fatše le khatello ea maikutlo kamehla.
Mathata a hlahang ka lebaka la cholesterol e eketsehang ho banna a bonahala hangata, ho tloha lilemong tsa 35.
Motho ea phetseng hantle maling o na le index ea cholesterol e ka tlase ho 5.0 mmol / L. Lingaka li bua ka keketseho ea lipoprotein tsa mali ketsahalong eo letšoao lena le nyolohang ho tloaelehileng, ka nako e fetang karolo ea boraro.
Cholesterol ke joala le mafura.
Ka bongaka, litsebi li khetholla mefuta e mengata ea cholesterol:
- High Density Lipoproteins (HDL).
- Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL).
- Lipoprotein ea methapo e bohareng.
- Lipoprotein tse tlaase haholo.
Li-lipoprotein tse fokolang haholo li bitsoa cholesterol e mpe. Li-lipoprotein tse phahameng tsa methapo li thusa ho fokotsa LDL.
Karolo ea kholesterol e itšetlehile ka lintlha tse ngata, tseo tse latelang e leng tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa:
- botenya
- tsoalo ea tlhaho ea lefu la setho sa botšehali;
- khatello ea kelello ea methapo;
- ho tsuba
- lefu la tsoekere;
- tšebeliso e sa lekaneng ea litholoana le meroho;
- lilemo tse fetang 40;
- lefu la pelo;
- bophelo bo sa sebetseng (sehlopha se kotsing - bakhanni, basebetsi ba ofising);
- tlhekefetso ea lijo tse mafura, tse tsoekere, tse halikiloeng le tse letsoai, bokhoba ba tahi.
Ntle le moo, keketseho ea cholesterol e etsahala ha lithethefatsi tse ling li sebelisoa nakong ea phekolo.
Tloaelo ea cholesterol ho batho
Palo ea lipids e khethoa ka ho etsa tlhahlobo ea mali ea laboratori.
Boemo ba karolo ena bo itšetlehile ka bong le lilemo.
'Meleng oa mosali, khatello ea lipoprotein e maemong a tsitsitseng ho fihlela nako ea ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli le liphetoho tse amanang le ho fela hoa tšebetso ea ho ba le bana.
Ho latela litekanyetso tse amoheloang ke motho ka kakaretso, palo ea 5.0-5.2 mmol / L e nkuoa e le ntho e tloaelehileng. Keketseho ea lipoprotein ho 6,3 mmol / L ke eona e ka lumelloang ka bongata. Haeba letšoao le nyoloha ka holimo ho 6.3 mmol / L, cholesterol e nkoa e le phahameng.
Meleng, cholesterol e ka mefuta e fapaneng. Bakeng sa mofuta o mong le o mong oa likhomphutha ho na le tloaelo e ikemiselitseng ea 'mele. Matšoao ana a ipapisitse le lilemo le bong ba motho.
Tafole e bonts'a lipoprotein tse tloaelehileng tsa mefuta e fapaneng bakeng sa basali, ho latela lilemo, mmol / L.
| Lilemo tsa motho | Kakaretso ea k'holeseterole | LDL | LPVN |
| ka tlase ho lilemo tse 5 | 2,9-5,18 | ||
| Lilemo tse 5 ho isa ho tse 10 | 2,26-5,3 | 1.76 - 3.63 | 0.93 - 1.89 |
| Lilemo tse 10-15 | 3.21-5.20 | 1.76 - 3.52 | 0.96 - 1.81 |
| Lilemo tse 15-20 | 3.08 - 5.18 | 1.53 - 3.55 | 0.91 - 1.91 |
| Lilemo tse 20-25 | 3.16 - 5.59 | 1.48 - 4.12 | 0.85 - 2.04 |
| Lilemo tse 25-30 | 3.32 - 5.75 | 1.84 - 4.25 | 0.96 - 2.15 |
| Lilemo tse 30-35 | 3.37 - 5.96 | 1.81 - 4.04 | 0.93 - 1.99 |
| Lilemo tse 3540 | 3.63 - 6.27 | 1.94 - 4.45 | 0.88 - 2.12 |
| Lilemo tse 40-45 | 3.81 - 6.76 | 1.92 - 4.51 | 0.88 - 2.28 |
| Lilemo tse 45-50 | 3.94 - 6.76 | 2.05 - 4.82 | 0.88 - 2.25 |
| Lilemo tse 50-55 | 4.20 - 7.5 | 2.28 - 5.21 | 0.96 - 2.38 |
| Lilemo tse 55-60 | 4.45 - 7.77 | 2.31 - 5.44 | 0.96 - 2.35 |
| Lilemo tse 60-65 | 4.45 - 7.69 | 2.59 - 5.80 | 0.98 - 2.38 |
| Lilemo tse 65-70 | 4.43 - 7.85 | 2.38 - 5.72 | 0.91 - 2.48 |
| > Lilemo tse 70 | 4.48 - 7.2 | 2.49 - 5.34 | 0.85 - 2.38 |
Ka tlase ke liphetho tse tloaelehileng tsa boithuto ba litaba tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea lipoprotein ho banna, ho latela lilemo.
| Mongoaha | Kakaretso ea k'holeseterole | LDL | HDL |
| ka tlase ho lilemo tse 5 | 2.95-5.25 | ||
| Lilemo tse 5-10 | 3.13 - 5.25 | 1.63 - 3.34 | 0.98 - 1.94 |
| Lilemo tse 10-15 | 3.08-5.23 | 1.66 - 3.34 | 0.96 - 1.91 |
| Lilemo tse 15-20 | 2.91 - 5.10 | 1.61 - 3.37 | 0.78 - 1.63 |
| Lilemo tse 20-25 | 3.16 - 5.59 | 1.71 - 3.81 | 0.78 - 1.63 |
| Lilemo tse 25-30 | 3.44 - 6.32 | 1.81 - 4.27 | 0.80 - 1.63 |
| Lilemo tse 30-35 | 3.57 - 6.58 | 2.02 - 4.79 | 0.72 - 1.63 |
| Lilemo tse 3540 | 3.63 - 6.99 | 1.94 - 4.45 | 0.88 - 2.12 |
| Lilemo tse 40-45 | 3.91 - 6.94 | 2.25 - 4.82 | 0.70 - 1.73 |
| Lilemo tse 45-50 | 4.09 - 7.15 | 2.51 - 5.23 | 0.78 - 1.66 |
| Lilemo tse 50-55 | 4.09 - 7.17 | 2.31 - 5.10 | 0.72 - 1.63 |
| Lilemo tse 55-60 | 4.04 - 7.15 | 2.28 - 5.26 | 0.72 - 1.84 |
| Lilemo tse 60-65 | 4.12 - 7.15 | 2.15 - 5.44 | 0.78 - 1.91 |
| Lilemo tse 65-70 | 4.09 - 7.10 | 2.49 - 5.34 | 0.78 - 1.94 |
| > Lilemo tse 70 | 3.73 - 6.86 | 2.49 - 5.34 | 0.85 - 1.94 |
Ho latela lintlha tse hlahisitsoeng, ho ka fihleloa qeto ea hore khatello ea cholesterol, basali le banna ka kotloloho e ipapisitse le lipontšo tsa lilemo, lilemo tse holimo, tse holimo ho tsa karolo ea karolo e maling.
Phapang lipakeng tsa mosali le monna ke hore ho banna boemo ba joala bo mafura bo nyolohela ho lilemo tse 50, mme kamora ho fihla lilemong tsena, ho fokotseha ha paramente ena ho qala.
Lintho tse amang sekhahla sa lipoprotein
Ha ho toloka liphetho tsa liteko tsa laboratori, ho lokela ho nahanoe lintlha tse 'maloa tse ka susumetsang index ea lipid maling a motho.
Bakeng sa basali, ho matšoao a ho toloka, nako ea ho ea matsatsing le ho ba teng ha moimana li lokela ho tsotelloa.
Ntle le moo, e lokela ho tsotelloa ha ho sebetsoa liphetho tse fumanoeng tsa lipatlisiso tsa laboratori tse kang:
- Nako ea selemo nakong ea lipatlisiso.
- Boteng ba mafu a itseng.
- Ho ba teng ha neoplasms e mpe.
Ho latela selemo sa selemo, litaba tsa cholesterol li ka fokotseha kapa tsa eketseha. Hoa tsebahala hore ka nako ea mariha, palo ea cholesterol e eketseha ka 2-4%. Ho kheloha ho joalo ho ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng ho tloaelehile.
Ho basali ba lilemo tsa ho ba le bana halofong ea pele ea ho ilela khoeli, ho bonoa keketseho ea 10%, e nkoang e tloaelehile.
Nako ea kemaro hape ke nako ea ha ho na le keketseho e kholo maemong a lipoprotein.
Ho ba teng ha maloetse a kang angina pectoris, lefu la tsoekere, khatello ea methapo ea mali nakong ea phetoho e mpe e baka kholo ea li-cholesterol plaques.
Ho ba teng ha neoplasms e mpe ho baka ho fokotseha ho hoholo ha khatello ea lipid, e hlalosoang ke kholo e potlakileng ea lithane tsa pathological.
Ho thehoa ha lisele tsa pathological ho hloka palo e kholo ea metsoako e fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa le joala bo mafura.
Ke eng e sokelang cholesterol e phahameng?
Ho ba teng ha k'holeseterole e phahameng ho fumanoa nakong ea tlhahlobo e tloaelehileng kapa ha mokuli a kena sepetlele sepetleleng sa bongaka se nang le tlhahlobo ea lefu la pelo kapa stroke.
Ho haella ha mehato ea thibelo le ho boloka mokhoa oa bophelo bo seng kotsi, hammoho le ho hana ho etsa liteko, ho ama boemo ba bophelo ba motho nakong e tlang.
Ho ba teng ha boemo bo phahameng ba lipoprotein maling ho lebisa 'neteng ea hore LDL e khathetse. Mofuta ona oa ho qhekella o lula maboteng a methapo ea mali ka mokhoa oa li-cholesterol plaques.
Ho thehoa ha li-deposits joalo ho lebisa ho nts'etsopele ea atherosclerosis.
Ho thehoa hoa lipopae ho lebisa pherekanong ea phallo ea mali ho litho, e lebisang khaellong ea limatlafatsi liseleng le tlala ea oksijene.
Likepe tse sa phetseng hantle li baka ponahalo ea ho nyekeloa ke pelo le nts'etsopele ea angina pectoris.
Litsebi tsa kelello li hlokomela hore keketseho ea palo ea lipids maling e lebisa khokahanong ea tlhaselo ea pelo le lichapo.
Ho khutlela bophelong bo tloaelehileng ka mor'a ho otloa ke pelo le stroke ke mosebetsi o boima o hlokang nako e telele ea ho hlaphoheloa le tlhokomelo e loketseng ea bongaka.
Tabeng ea keketseho ea palo ea lipids, batho ba nts'etsapele mesebetsi ea matsoho ka nako, ponahalo ea bohloko nakong ea ho sisinyeha e tlalehiloe.
Ntle le moo, ka litaba tse phahameng tsa LDL:
- ponahalo ea matšoenyeho a xanthomas le 'mala o mosehla holim' a letlalo;
- ho nona haholo le nts'etsopele ea botenya;
- ponahalo ea bohloko bo hatellang sebakeng sa pelo.
Ntle le moo, keketseho ea letšoao la k'holeseterole e mpe e baka ho fallisoa ha ka mpeng ka lebaka la ho kenngoa ha mafura ka mpeng. Sena se baka pherekano mosebetsing oa tšilo ea lijo.
Ka nako e ts'oanang le litlolo tse thathamisitsoeng, ts'ebetso e mpe ea ts'ebetso ea ho phefumoloha e bonoa, kaha ho na le mafura a mangata a matšoafong.
Ho sitisoa ke phallo ea mali ka lebaka la ho thehoa ha cholesterol plaque ho baka methapo ea mali, e amang hampe ts'ebetso ea methapo ea kutlo. Boko ba motho ha bo fumane phepo e lekaneng.
Ha lijana tsa tsamaiso ea potoloho e fanang ka boko li koetsoe, tlala ea lisele tsa boko e bonoa, 'me sena se baka tšitiso ea lets'ollo.
Keketseho ea li-triglycerides tsa mali e lebisa nts'etsong ea lefu la liphio le lefu la pelo.
Nts'etsopele ea lefu la pelo le stroke ke lebaka la keketseho ea lefu la motho ka keketseho ea palo ea LDL maling. Ho shoa ha batho ho tsoa ho li-pathologies tsena ke hoo e ka bang 50% ea linyeoe tsohle tse tlalehiloeng.
Ho thibeloa ha methapo ea kutlo ka lebaka la ho thehoa hoa lejoe le "thrombus" ho lebisa nts'etsopele ea lefu la makhopho.
Tekanyo e phahameng ea lipoprotein tse phahameng tsa methapo e ka kenya letsoho kholisong ea lefu la mokokotlo la mokokotlo. Sena se ka baka ponahalo ea 'dementia' ea senile. Maemong a mang, ho ka etsahala ho fumana lefu la Alzheimer ka ho motho.
Maemong a mang, keketseho ea palo ea lipoprotein tse tlaase-tlase li ka bonts'a hore motho o na le mathata a bophelo boemong.
Ka keketseho e sa laoleheng ea k'holeseterole, ho ka ba le bothata ho sebete, boemong bona, ho etsoa ha majoe a cholesterol.
Keketseho ea cholesterol ke lona lebaka le ka sehloohong la nts'etsopele ea atherosulinosis
Ka lekhetlo la pele, tlhahiso ea hore cholesterol ke eona sesosa sa bohlokoahali ba atherosclerosis e entsoe ke N. Anichkov qalong ea lekholo la ho qetela la lilemo.
Ho thehoa ha li-deposits tsa joala bo mafura ho lebisa ho thehoeng ha methapo ea mali libakeng tsa depositi.
Ka tsoelo-pele e eketsehileng ea Psychology, seaparo sa mali kapa ho phatloha ho ka hlaha, sena se lebisa ponahalong ea li-pathologies tse tebileng.
E 'ngoe ea maemo a tloahelehileng a ho hlaha ha ts'enyeho ea ho felisoa ha li-cholesterol depositi ke:
- Ho qaleha ha lefu la tšohanyetso la coronary.
- Ntshetsopele ea embolism ea pulmonary.
- Nts'etsopele ea stroke.
- Nts'etsopele ea lefu la pelo le lefu la tsoekere.
Linaheng tseo palo ea tsona e nang le mafu a phahameng a LDL, ts'oaetso ea lefu la pelo le pelo e phahame haholo ho feta linaheng tseo ho fumanoang palo e fokolang ea batho ba nang le lipoprotein tse phahameng.
Ha ho etsoa tlhahlobo ea laboratori bakeng sa litaba tsa LDL, ho lokela ho hopoloa hore palo e fokotsoeng ea karolo ena le eona ha e ratehe bakeng sa 'mele. Sena se bakoa ke taba ea hore sehlopha sena sa lintho se thibela nts'etsopele ea methapo le mafu a methapo ea kutlo.
Ntle le moo, ho ba teng hoa 'mele oa motho oa cholesterol e mpe litsong tsa maemo a tloaelehileng ho thibela nts'etsopele ea neoplasms e mpe.
Litlamorao tse ka bakoang ke atherosmithosis ho lefu la tsoekere li hlalositsoe videong ena.
