Hormone - ntho ea lik'hemik'hale e leng ntho e sebetsang, e hlahisoa ke litšoelesa tsa endocrine, e kenang maling, mme e ama lisele le litho. Kajeno, bo-rasaense ba ile ba khona ho qaqisa sebopeho sa bongata ba lihlahisoa tsa lihormone, mme ba ithuta ho li kopanya.
Ntle le lihormone tsa manyeme, lits'ebetso tsa ho hlasimoloha le ho hlasimoloha ha li khonehe, motsoako oa lintho tsena o etsoa ke likarolo tsa endocrine tsa setho. Ka tlolo ea bohlasoa, motho o tšoeroe ke mafu a mangata a sa thabiseng.
Pancreatic gland ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea tsamaiso ea tšilo ea lijo, e etsa tšebetso ea endocrine le e fanang ka matla. E hlahisa lihormone le li-enzyme, ntle le eona ho ke ke ha khoneha ho boloka tekano ea biochemical 'meleng.
Li-pancreas li na le mefuta e 'meli ea lisele, karolo ea sephiri e amanang le duodenum e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho lokolla li-enzyme tsa "pancreatic". Li-enzyme tsa bohlokoahali li lokela ho bitsoa lipase, amylase, trypsin le chymotrypsin. Haeba khaello e bonoa, litokisetso tsa enthanme tsa manyeme li ngotsoe, ts'ebeliso e latela botebo ba tlolo eo.
Ho hlahisoa ha lihormone ho fanoa ke lisele tsa islet, karolo e sa feteng 3% ea boima ba litho tsohle. Lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans li hlahisa lintho tse laolang tšebetso ea metabolic:
- lipid;
- lik'habohaedreite;
- protheine.
Mathata a endocrine mokhoeng oa manyeme a baka nts'etsopele ea maloetse a mangata a kotsi, ka ts'ebetso ea kelello a hlahloba lefu la tsoekere, glucosuria, polyuria, ka khatello ea maikutlo motho ea nang le bothata ba hypoglycemia, botenya ba khatello e fapaneng. Mathata a Hormone a boetse a hlaha haeba mosali a nka mosali oa pelehi nako e telele.
Li-hormone tsa pancreatic
Bo-rasaense ba tsebahetse lihormone tse latelang tseo "pancreas" e li ipatileng: insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon, gastrin, kallikrein, lipocaine, amylin, vagotinin. Tsena kaofela li hlahisoa ke lisele tsa islet mme li hlokahala bakeng sa taolo ea metabolism.
Hormone e ka sehloohong ea "pancreatic" ke insulin, e hlophisitsoe ho tsoa ho li-proinsulin, tse ka bang 51 amino acid e kenang ka sebopeho sa eona.
Khokahano e tloaelehileng ea lintho meleng oa motho ho feta lilemo tse 18 e tloha ho 3 ho isa ho 25 mcU / ml ea mali.
Ka lebaka la insulin, phetoho ea glucose ho glycogen e qalile, biosynthesis ea lihormone tsa tšilo ea lijo e laoloa, ho etsoa ha li-triglycerides, mafura a phahameng a mafura a qala.
Ho feta moo, insulin e fokotsa boemo ba cholesterol e kotsi maling le ho fetoha prophylactic khahlanong le vasher atherosulinosis. Ntle le moo, ho tsamaisoa liseleng hoa ntlafala:
- li-amino acid;
- li-macrocell;
- sheba likarolo.
Insulin e khothalletsa biosynthesis ea li-ribosomes, e thibela phetoho ea tsoekere linthong tse sa keneleng nama ea nama ea nama ea methapo, e theola khatello ea methapo ea mali maling le mochine oa motho, mme e fokotsa ho pepeseha hoa membrane ea sele bakeng sa tsoekere.
Hormone ea "insulin" e ka eketsa phetoho ea lik'habohaedreite hore e be mafura a nang le phepelo e latelang, e nang le boikarabello ba ho tsosa li-acid tsa Ribonucleic (RNA) le deoxyribonucleic (DNA), li eketsa phepelo ea glycogen e bokelitsoeng sebeteng, mesifa ea mesifa. ntho eo ha e ame secretion ea lihormone.
Ho hlahisoa ha li-hormone tsa pancreatic ho laoloa ke likhomphutha:
- norepinephrine;
- somatostatin;
- adrenaline
- corticotropin;
- lihormone tsa kholo;
- glucocorticoids.
Ka lebaka la tlhahlobo ea pele ea mathata a metabolic le lefu la tsoekere, kalafo e lekaneng e khona ho kokobetsa boemo ba motho.
Ho ipatela ho eketsehileng ha insulin ho sokela banna ba sa sebetseng hantle, bakuli ba bong bofe kapa bofe ba na le mathata a pono, asthma, bronchitis, hypertension, baldness pele ho nako, le infrction ea myocardial, atherossteosis, makhopho le bothata bo boholo.
Haeba ho hlahisoa insulin e ngata haholo, manyeme ka boeona oa kula, o tšeloa ke mafura.
Insulin, glucagon
E le ho lebisa lits'ebetsong tse tloaelehileng tsa metabolic 'meleng, ho hlokahala ho nka litokisetso tsa hormone ea pancreatic. Li lokela ho sebelisoa ka tieo joalo ka ha li laetsoe ke endocrinologist.
Insulin
Tlhophiso ea litokisetso tsa li-hormone tsa pancreatic: ho nka bokhutšoaane, ho nka nako e telele, ho etsa lintho ka nako e telele.
Pontšo bakeng sa tsamaiso ea insulin e nkang nakoana ke lefu la tsoekere le lipalo tse ngata tsa tsoekere maling, ha matlapa a monate a sa thusa. Chelete e joalo e kenyelletsa lichelete tsa Insuman, Rapid, Insuman-Rap, Actrapid, Homo-Rap-40, Humulin.
Hape, ngaka e tla fa mokuli insulin ea nako e mahareng: Mini Lente-MK, Homofan, Semilong-MK, Semilent-MS. Ho boetse ho na le li-pharmacological tse sebetsang ka nako e telele: Super Lente-MK, Ultralente, Ultratard-NM. Kalafo ea "insulin" ke bophelo bohle.
Glucagon
Hormone ena e kenyellelitsoe lethathamong la lintho tsa tlhaho ea polypeptide, e na le li-amino acid tse fapaneng tse 29, 'me ho motho ea phetseng hantle, boemo ba glucagon bo fapana pakeng tsa 25 le 125 pg / ml ea mali. E nkoa e le mohanyetsi oa insulin.
Litokisetso tsa Hormonal pancreatic tse nang le insulin kapa phoofolo ea motho e tsitsisa mali a monosaccharides. Glucagon:
- e patiloeng ke manyeme;
- e ama 'mele hantle ka botlalo;
- e eketsa secretion ea catecholamine ke litšoelesa tsa adrenal.
Glucagon e khona ho ntlafatsa phallo ea mali lipelong, e sebetse metabolism, e laole phetoho ea lihlahisoa tse se nang nama ea kolobe ho tsoekere, le ho eketsa glycemia ka lebaka la ho phatloha ha glycogen ke sebete.
Ntho ena e phahamisa gluconeogenesis, ka bongata bo na le phello ea khatello ea li-electrolyte, e na le phello ea antispasmodic, e fokotsa calcium le phosphorus, ebe e qala ts'ebetso ea ho putlama ha mafura.
Biosynthesis ea glucagon e tla hloka ho kenella ha insulin, sephiri, pancreosimine, gastrin le hormone ea kholo. E le hore tsoekere e hlahelle, ho lokela ho etsoa liprotheine tse tloaelehileng, mafura, li-peptide, carbohydrate le amino acid.
Mori o khothalletsoang bakeng sa khaello ea lithethefatsi o bitsoa Glucagon, Glucagon Novo.
Somatostatin, vaso-peptide, pancreatic polypeptide
Somatostatin
Somatostatin ke ntho e ikhethang, e hlahisoa ke lisele tsa "delta" tsa manyeme le hypothalamus.
Hormone e hlokahala ho thibela tlhaho ea tlhaho ea li-enzyme tsa pancreatic, maemo a tlase a glucagon, le ho thibela tšebetso ea metsoako ea lihormone le serotonin ea li-hormone.
Ntle le somatostatin, ho ke ke ha khoneha ho monya monosaccharides ka botlalo ho tsoa maling a manyane ho kena maling, ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea gastrin, ho thibela phallo ea mali ka mpeng ea mpa, le peristalsis ea tšilo ea lijo.
Vaso-Interior Peptide
Hormone ena ea neuropeptide e patiloe ke lisele tsa litho tse fapaneng: mokokotlo le bokong, mala a manyane, manyeme. Tekanyo ea ntho e maling le e tlaase haholo, e batla e sa fetohe kamora ho ja. Mesebetsi ea mantlha ea li-hormone e kenyelletsa:
- ts'ebetso ea ho potoloha ha mali ka mpeng;
- ho thibela ho ntšoa ha hydrochloric acid;
- ho potlakisa ho pepeseha ha bile;
- thibelo ea ho kenngoa hoa metsi ke mala.
Ntle le moo, ho na le ts'usumetso ea somatostatin, tsoekere le insulin, ho hlahisoa ha tlhahiso ea pepsinogen liseleng tsa mpa. Ha ho na le ts'ebetso ea ho ruruha manyekeng, tlolo ea tlhahiso ea lihomone tsa neuropeptide e qala.
Ntho e 'ngoe e hlahisoang ke tšoelesa ke pancreatic polypeptide, empa phello ea eona' meleng ha e so ithutoe ka botlalo. Karolelano ea 'mele maling a motho ea phetseng hantle e ka fapana ho tloha ho 60 ho isa ho 80 pg / ml, tlhahiso e feteletseng e bonts'a nts'etsopele ea lihlahala karolong ea endocrine ea setho.
Amylin, lipocaine, kallikrein, vagotonin, gastrin, centropein
Amylin ea hormone e thusa ho ntlafatsa bongata ba li-monosaccharides, e thibela ho kenella ha tekanyo e eketsehileng ea tsoekere maling. Karolo ea ntho e bonahala ka ho hatella takatso ea lijo (anorexic athari), ho emisa tlhahiso ea tsoekere, ho susumetsa sebopeho sa somatostatin, le ho theola boima ba 'mele.
Lipocaine e kenella ts'ebetsong ea phospholipids, oxidation ea mafura acid, e ntlafatsa phello ea likhomphutha tsa lipotropic, 'me e fetoha mohato oa thibelo ea mafura a sebete a sebete.
Hormone ea kallikrein e hlahisoa ke manyeme, empa ha e sebetse ho eona, e qala ho sebetsa feela kamora hore e kene duodenum. E fokotsa glycemia, e imolla khatello. Ho susumetsa hydrolysis ea glycogen ka har'a sebete le mesifa ea mesifa, ho hlahisoa ka vagotonin ea hormone.
Gastrin e bolokiloe ke lisele tsa gland, gastric mucosa, komporo e kang ea hormone e eketsa acidity ea lero la pancreatic, e etsa hore ho thehoe protheine ea pepsin ea protheine, 'me ts'ilo ea lijo e lebisa ho tloaelehileng. E boetse e kenya ts'ebetsong tlhahiso ea li-peptide tsa mala, ho kenyelletsa le secretin, somatostatin, cholecystokinin. Li bohlokoa molemong oa tšilo ea lijo.
Sebaka sa protheine ea centropein:
- e thabisa setsi sa ho hema;
- e holisa lumen ho bronchi;
- e ntlafatsa ho sebelisana ha oksijene le hemoglobin;
- e sebetsana hantle le hypoxia.
Ka lebaka lena, khaello ea centropein hangata e amahanngoa le pancreatitis le erectile dysfunction ho banna. Selemo se seng le se seng litokisetso tse ncha tsa lihormone tsa "pancreatic" li hlaha 'marakeng, tlhahiso ea bona ea etsoa, e leng ho nolofalletsang ho rarolla litlolo tse joalo,' me ba na le likhohlano tse fokolang.
Li-hormone tsa "pancreatic" li na le karolo ea bohlokoa ho tataiseng bophelo ba 'mele, kahoo o hloka ho ba le mohopolo mabapi le sebopeho sa' mele, hlokomela bophelo bo botle ba hau le ho mamela bophelo bo botle.
Mabapi le kalafo ea pancreatitis e hlalositsoe videong ena.
