Glucagon le insulin ea lefu la tsoekere: ke eng?

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Metabolism ea carbohydrate 'meleng e laoloa ke lihormone tse hlahisoang ke manyeme - insulin le glucagon, hape e angoa ke lihormone tsa "adrenal gland" gland "gland" le "gland" gland.

Ho lihormone tsena tsohle, ke insulin feela e ka theolang tsoekere ea mali. Ho boloka tsoekere e tloaelehileng ea mali, ka hona kotsi ea ho ba le lefu la tsoekere, ho latela hore na e hlahisoa hakae le hore na lisele tse ngata li ka e arabela joang.

Glucagon e sebetsa ka kotloloho ho insulin, bokhoni ba ho monya limatlafatsi tse ngata ebe ba bo fetola matla kapa mafura ho latela tekanyo ea lihormone tsena.

Mesebetsi ea insulin 'meleng

Insulin ke hormone e hlahisoang ke manyeme lihlekehlekeng tsa Langerhans. Tsena ke lihlopha tse nyane tsa lisele tse nang le mefuta e mehlano.

  1. Lisele tsa alfa li hlahisa glucagon.
  2. Lisele tsa Beta li hlahisa insulin.
  3. Lisele tsa Delta secrete somatostatin.
  4. Lisele tsa PP li sebetsa e le sebaka sa kaho ea pancreatic polypeptide
  5. Lisele tsa Epsilon li ikarabella bakeng sa tlhahiso ea ghrelin.

Insulin le glucagon ke lihormone tse peli tse bolokang khatello ea tsoekere maling. Litlamorao tsa liketso tsa bona li fapane ka kotloloho: ho fokotseha ha tsoekere maling maling tlasa ts'ebetso ea insulin le keketseho ha glucagon e kena maling.

Matla a insulin mabapi le ho theola tsoekere ea mali a hlaha ka lebaka la lits'ebetso tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa:

  • Mesifa le lithane tsa adipose li qala ho sebelisa glucose ea matla.
  • Glycogen e thehoa ho tsoa ho tsoekere 'me e bolokoa ka har'a sebete le mesifa e bolokiloeng.
  • E fokotsa ho phatloha ha glycogen le tlhahiso ea tsoekere.

Karolo ea insulin ke ho tsamaisa glucose ka membrane ea sele bakeng sa ts'ebeliso seleng.

Ho nka karolo ha insulin ho mafura a metabolism ke keketseho sebopeho sa mafura, mafura acid a mahala le ho fokotseha hoa ho phatloha ha mafura. Tlas'a tšusumetso ea insulin, litaba tsa lipoprotein maling li eketseha, li thusa ho bokella mafura le nts'etsopele ea botenya.

Insulin ke ea lihormone tsa anabolic - e ntlafatsa kholo le ho arohana ha lisele, e ntlafatsa tšusumetso ea protheine, e ntlafatsa ho monya li-amino acid. Sena se etsahala khahlano le semelo sa ho fokotseha hoa ho phatloha hoa protheine, ka hona insulin e baka kholo ea mesifa, e sebelisetsoa morero ona ke baatlelete (li-bodybuilders).

Insulin e ntlafatsa mofuta oa RNA le DNA, ho ikatisa, kholo ea lisele, tlasa tšusumetso ea eona, lisele li qala tšebetso ea ho iphekola. E bapala karolo ea antioxidant 'meleng mme e thibela ho senyeha le ho senya litho. Ts'ebetso ena e boleloa haholoholo o sa le monyane.

Insulin hape e na le litlamorao tse ngata tsa bohlokoa tšebetsong ea 'mele:

  1. E nka karolo ho boloka molumo oa methapo, o baka kholo ea eona mesifa ea marapo.
  2. E kenya ts'oaetso e hlabisang lihlong le ea cellular.
  3. E laola sebopeho sa litho tsa ka popelong.
  4. E nka karolo ho hematopoiesis.
  5. E eketsa motsoako oa estradiol le progesterone.

Insulin e boetse e ama tsamaiso ea methapo e ka hare: e etsa hore kelello ea motho e be le leseli mabapi le maemo a tsoekere, e ama mohopolo, ho ikoetlisa, ho ikoetlisa, ho noa, ho lapa le ho satiety.

Karolo ea insulin boits'oarong ba sechaba, boiketlo ba batho le ho ba mabifi, kutloisiso ea bohloko bo ile ba ithutoa.

Matla a glucagon lits'ebetsong tsa metabolic

Glucagon ke mohanyetsi oa insulin mme ketso ea eona e etselitsoe ho eketsa tsoekere ea mali. E hokahana le li-receptor tsa lisele tsa sebete 'me e fana ka pontšo mabapi le ho phatloha ha glycogen ho tsoekere. Tsamaiso ea glucagon bakeng sa lihora tse 4 e ka hlakola sebete sa glycogen ka botlalo.

Ntle le moo, tsoekere e thusa ho theha tsoekere maling. Ka mesifa ea pelo, li-hormone li etsa hore ho ruruha ha mesifa ea mesifa, ho bonahatsoang ke keketseho ea khatello ea mali, matla le lebelo la pelo. Glucagon e ntlafatsa phepelo ea mali ho mesifa ea marapo.

Mefuta ena ea glucagon e etsa hore e nke karolo karabong e lumellanang ea 'mele ho khatello ea maikutlo, e bitsoang "otla kapa u mathe." Adrenaline le cortisol li na le phello e ts'oanang. Glucagon e boetse e fokotsa mabenkele a mafura a 'mele ebile e khothalletsa ho phatloha ha protheine ho amino acid.

Ketso ea glucagon ho tsoekere ea lefu la tsoekere ha e felle feela ka keketseho ea ho potoloha ha tsoekere maling, empa hape le kholisong ea ketoacidosis.

Karolelano ea insulin le glucagon

Glucagon le insulin li fa 'mele matla a hlokahalang. Glucagon e eketsa boemo ba eona hore e sebelisoe ke boko le lisele tsa 'mele, e lokolle mafura mehlolong ea ho chesa. Insulin e thusa tsoekere e tsoang maling ho kenella ka har'a lisele, moo e hlatsuoang hore e be matla.

Tekanyo ea karolo ea "insulin" le "glucagon" e bitsoa index ea "insulin". Ho ipapisitse le hore na lijo tse jeoang li tla sebelisoa joang - li tla ea ho fumana matla kapa ho beoa mehloli ea mafura. Ka index ea "glucagon" e tlase (ha ho na le glucagon e ngata), bongata ba lijo bo tla sebelisoa ho haha ​​lithane le ho hlahisa matla

Keketseho ea index ea "insulin" (haeba ho na le insulin e ngata) e lebisa ho hlahisoeng ha limatlafatsi tse hlahisang mafura.

Ho hlahisoa ha tsoekere ho susumetsoa ke liprotheine le insulin ke lik'habohaedreite le li-amino acid tse ling. Ha meroho (fiber) le mafura li kena 'meleng, ha ho le e' ngoe ea lihormone tsena e khothalletsoang.

Mofuteng o nolofalitsoeng, sebopeho sa lijo se na le litlamorao ho hlahiseng lihormone:

  • Lijo li na le lik'habohaedreite tse ngata - insulin e phahameng.
  • Ho na le protheine e ngata lijong, limatlafatsi tse 'maloa tsa glucagon li tla eketseha.
  • Ho ja fiber e ngata ho tsoa ho meroho le mafura - maemo a insulin le glucagon a tsoana le pele ho lijo.
  • Ho na le lik'habohaedreite, liprotheine, fiber le mafura lijong - botsitso ba lihormone. Ena ke phello e ka sehloohong ea phepo e nepahetseng.

Lik'habohaedreite li fapana ka tekanyo ea tšilo le ho fetolela tsoekere. E bonolo, e kenyeletsang tsoekere, phofo e tšoeu, e kenella ka potlako maling, e baka ho lokolloa ha insulin. Li-carbohydrate tse rarahaneng tse tsoang ho phofo ea lijo-thollo e fumanehang, lijo-thollo li chekoa butle butle, empa leha ho le joalo boemo ba insulin, bo ntse bo phahama.

Letšoao le amang index ea glucagon ea insulin ke bokhoni ba lihlahisoa tsa ho eketsa tsoekere ea mali (ka ho latellana, insulin), le sekhahla sa keketseho e joalo. Thepa ena ea lihlahisoa e bonts'a index ea glycemic (GI).

Ho latela sebopeho sa sehlahisoa le mokhoa oa ho itokisa. Ka hona, mohlala, bakeng sa litapole tse phehiloeng - 65 (tekanyo e pakeng tsa 0 ho isa ho 100), le bakeng sa li-chips tsa litapole - 95, li-GI tse tlase haholo ke broccoli, hop, likomkomere, linate, li-tofu, avocado, meroho e makhasi. GI e amohelehang, e senang tsoekere e matla maling, ke 35-40.

Lijo tse fumanehang ka tlase tsa "glycemic index" tse khothalletsoang lefu la tsoekere le botenya li kenyeletsa:

  1. Raese e ntšo, harese ea perela, lensisi, linaoa tse tala.
  2. , Tomate, eggplant.
  3. Chese e nang le mafura a tlase, lebese, yogurt e mafura a tlase.
  4. Lipeo tsa mokopu.
  5. Liapole tse ncha, plums, nectarine, apricot, cherries, fragole, raspberries.

Hoa hlokahala ho kenyelletsa lijo tse nang le GI e phahameng e le tlolo ea lik'habohaedreite le metabolism ea mafura. Tsena li kenyelletsa tsoekere, litapole tse tsoeu tse tšoeu, litapole tse halikiloeng, li-noodle tsa raese, mahe a linotši tse phehiloeng, makhapetla a poone, litapole, nyalothe, pastry, semousina, raese, morara le libanana.

E eketsa lihlahisoa tsa GI tse belang, ho baka le ho hohla. Lijo tsohle tse lokisitsoeng: lijo-thollo tse tsoang hang-hang, litapole tse khotliloeng li baka tsoekere ea mali haholo ho feta lijo tse felletseng. Ho fokotsa GI, o ka eketsa li-fiber tsa phepo ka sebopeho sa korong - oat, koro, buckwheat kapa rye ho baka kapa lijo-thollo.

Bakeng sa phepelo e nepahetseng ea lijo, hoa hlokahala ho ela hloko hore likhalori le glycemic index ha li kopane, ka hona, ho ja ho feta tekano le lijo life kapa life ho tlola methapo ea metabolic. Sena se bakoa ke taba ea hore tsamaiso ea li-hormone ea metabolism e etselitsoe ho boloka karolo ea mali e sa feleng.

Haeba lijo li na le, ho ekelletsa ho lik'habohaedreite, lintho tse nang le "ballast" (protheine), protheine le mafura, joale tšilo ea lijo e ea lieha, maemo a insulin a tla bolokoa ka har'a meeli e tloaelehileng. Ka hona, ha o theha pheko ea phepo ea lefu la tsoekere, ho bohlokoa ho kenyelletsa limatlafatsi tsohle ka tekanyo e nepahetseng lijong.

Ketso ea insulin e tšohloa ka video sehloohong sena.

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