'Musong oa Russia, hoo e ka bang karolo ea 45 lekholong ea batho ba fumanoang ba na le lefu la tsoekere ba sebelisa kalafo ea insulin bophelo bohle ba bona. Ho latela mofuta oa kalafo, ngaka e ka fana ka "insulin" e khuts'oane le e telele.
Lithethefatsi tsa mantlha kalafong ea lefu la tsoekere ke li-insulin tse mahareng. Hormone e joalo e tsamaisoa hanngoe kapa habeli ka letsatsi.
Kaha ho amoheloa ha moriana ho tsamaea butle, phello ea hypoglycemic e qala hora e le 'ngoe le halofo ka mor'a ente.
Mefuta ea insulin
- Insulin e potlakileng e sebetsang ka potlako e qala ho theola litekanyo tsa tsoekere ea mali metsotso e 15-30 ka mor'a hore e kenngoe 'meleng. Ho kenella ka bongata maling ho ka fumanoa kamora hora e le 'ngoe le halofo ho isa ho tse peli, ka karolelano, insulin e joalo e khona ho sebetsa ho tloha lihora tse 5 ho isa ho tse 8.
- Nako ea insulin e mahareng e theola tsoekere ea mali le halofo ho isa ho lihora tse peli kamora ho tsamaisoa. Khokahano e phahameng ea ntho maling e bonoa ka mor'a lihora tse 5-8, phello ea lithethefatsi e qeta lihora tse 12 - 12.
- Hormone ea nako e telele e sebetsang ka mor'a lihora tse peli ho isa ho tse 'ne ka mor'a ho tsamaisa' mele. Tekanyo e phahameng ea ho kenella ha ntho maling e bonoa ka mor'a lihora tse 8-12. Ho fapana le mefuta e meng ea insulin, sethethefatsi sena se sebetsa ka letsatsi. Ho boetse ho na le li-insulin tse nang le phello ea hypoglycemic bakeng sa lihora tse 36.
Hape, insulin, ho latela mokhoa oa ho itlhoekisa, e ka ba tloaelehileng, monopic le monocomponent. Ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng, tlhoekiso e etsoa ho sebelisoa chromatography, monopic peak insulin e fumanoa ka ho itlhoekisa ka gel chromatography. Bakeng sa insulin ea monocomponent, chionatography ea ion-exchange e sebelisoa nakong ea tlhoekiso.
Tekanyo ea tlhoekiso e ahloloa ka palo ea likarolo tsa proinsulin ka li-insulin tse milione. Ketso ea nako e telele ea insulin e ka fumaneha ka lebaka la hore hormone e kenngoa kalafo e khethehileng mme protheine le zinki li eketsoa ho eona.
Ho feta moo, li-insulin li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse 'maloa, ho latela mokhoa oa boitokisetso ba bona. Insulin ea Homologous ea motho e fumanoa ka bacteric synthesis le semisynthesis ho manyeme a likolobe. Hulinologous insulin e hlophisitsoe ho tsoa ho makhopho a likhomo le a likolobe.
Semi-synthetic insulin ea motho e fumanoa ka ho nkela amino acid alanine ka threonine. Insulin e joalo e tloaetse ho sebelisoa haeba lefu la tsoekere le na le insulin, 'mele o sebelisang lithethefatsi tse ling.
Insulin ea Nako e Bohareng
Phello e phahameng e ka bonoa ka mor'a lihora tse 6-10. Nako ea ts'ebetso ea moriana e itšetlehile ka tekanyetso e khethiloeng.
Haholo-holo, ka ho hlahisoa ha likarolo tsa 8-12 tsa homone, insulin e tla sebetsa lihora tse 12-14, haeba u sebelisa litekanyetso tsa li-unit tsa 20-25, moriana o tla sebetsa lihora tse 16-18.
Ntho e 'ngoe e bohlokoa ke monyetla oa ho kopanya li-hormone le "insulin" e potlakileng. Ho latela moetsi le sebopeho, moriana o na le mabitso a fapaneng. Tse tsejoang haholo ke li-insulin tsa nako e mahareng:
- Insuman Bazal,
- Biosulin N,
- Berlinsulin-N basal,
- Homofan 100,
- Protofan NM,
- Humulin NRH.
Hape lilafoleng tsa meriana, ho fanoa ka lithethefatsi tsa sejoale-joale tsa tlhahiso ea Russia Brinsulmi-di ChSP, e nang le ho emisoa ha insulin le protamine.
Li-insulin tsa nako e bohareng li bontšoa ka:
- Mofuta oa 1 lefu la tsoekere;
- Mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere;
- Maemong a mathata a lefu la tsoekere ka mokhoa oa ketoacidosis, acidosis;
- Ka nts'etsopele ea ts'oaetso e matla, mafu a kahare, ts'ebetso e kholo, nako ea ts'ebetso, khatello ea maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo ho lefu la tsoekere.
Sesebelisoa sa Hormone
Ente e etsoa ka mpeng, serope. Forearm, buttocks. Litekanyetso li beoa ka bonngoe, ka khothaletso ea ngaka e eang. Intravenous tsamaiso ea lithethefatsi e thibetsoe.
Ho bohlokoa ho latela litlhahiso tsohle tsa ngaka bakeng sa ho khetha mofuta oa li-hormone, tekanyetso le nako ea ho pepesetsoa. Haeba lefu la tsoekere le tloha kolobe kapa nama ea khomo ea nama ea khomo ho ea ho motho ea tšoanang, ho hlokahala tokiso ea tekanyetso.
Pele o qala ho sebelisa moriana, vial e lokela ho ts'oaroa ka bonolo e le hore sol solle e kopane ka ho felletseng le mefuta e mongobo ea metsi. Litekanyetso tse hlokahalang tsa insulin hang-hang li huleloa syringe ebe li tsoa.
U ke ke oa sisinya ka matla botlolo e le hore foam e se ke ea hlaha, hona ho ka kena-kenana le khetho ea tekanyetso e nepahetseng. Seropa sa insulin se lokela ho tšoana le khatello ea qoqotho e sebelisitsoeng.
Pele ho qala insulin, sebaka sa ente ha se hloke ho ts'oaroa. Ho bohlokoa ho chencha libaka tsa ente. Ho lokela ho nkuoe tlhokomelo ho netefatsa hore nale ena ha e kene methapong ea mali.
- Tsamaiso ea insulin ho lefu la tsoekere e etsoa metsotso e 45-60 pele ho lijo makhetlo a 1-2 ka letsatsi.
- Bakuli ba baholo bao moriana o nooang ka lekhetlo la pele ba lokela ho fumana litekanyetso tsa pele tsa li-unit tsa 8-24 hang ka letsatsi.
- Ha ho na le kutloisiso e phahameng ea lihormone, bana le batho ba baholo ha ba fuoe likarolo tse fetang tse robeli ka letsatsi.
- Haeba kutloelo-bohloko ea hormone e fokotsehile, e lumelloa ho sebelisa litekanyetso tsa li-unit tse fetang 24 ka letsatsi.
- Sekhahla se phahameng sa tekanyo e ka ba likoto tse 40. Ho fetisa moeli ona ho ka etsahala feela maemong a khethehileng a tšohanyetso.
Insulin ea nako e bohareng e ka sebelisoa hammoho le insulin e nkang nakoana. Tabeng ena, insulin e potlakileng e bokelloa pele syringe. Ente e etsoa hang hoba moriana o tsoakoe.
Tabeng ena, ho hlokahala ho lekola sebopeho sa insulin, kaha ho thibetsoe ho kopanya litokisetso tsa zinc le hormone e nang le phosphate.
Pele u sebelisa moriana, vial e lokela ho hlahlojoa ka hloko. Haeba li-flakes kapa likaroloana tse ling li hlaha ho eona ha li tsoakane, insulin ha e lumelloe. Setlhare se fanoa ho latela litaelo tse kentsoeng pente ea syringe. Ho qoba liphoso, ngaka e tlameha ho u ruta mokhoa oa ho sebelisa sesebelisoa ho kenya li-hormone.
Basali ba fumanoeng ba na le lefu la tsoekere nakong ea kemaro ba lokela ho lekola tsoekere ea bona ea mali. Nako le nako ea kemolo, ho hlokahala hore u fetole litekanyetso ho latela litlhoko tsa 'mele.
Hape, phetoho ea tekanyetso ea lihormone e ka hlokahala nakong ea ho anyesa.
Contraindication le overdose
Ka litekanyetso tse fosahetseng, mokuli a ka ba le matšoao a hypoglycemia ka har'a mofufutso o batang, bofokoli bo matla, ho ruruha letlalong, ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho thothomela, ho tšoha, ho nyekeloa, ho nyekeloa libakeng tse fapaneng tsa 'mele, hlooho ea hlooho. Motho a ka ba a ba le morusu le ho akheha.
Haeba hypoglycemia e bonolo kapa e itekanetseng e bonoa, mokuli o lokela ho fumana tekanyetso e hlokahalang ea tsoekere ka mokhoa oa matlapa, lero la litholoana, mahe a linotsi, tsoekere le lihlahisoa tse ling tse nang le tsoekere.
Haeba ho fumanoa hore ho na le hypoglycemia e matla, motho o lahleheloa ke kelello kapa o le maikutlong, 50 ml ea tharollo ea glucose ea 50% e kenngoa ka potlako ho mokuli. E latelang ke infusion e tsoelang pele ea tharollo ea metsi a tsoekere ea 5% kapa 10%. Ka nako e ts'oanang, matšoao a tsoekere, creatinine le urea maling a hlahlojoa.
Ha lefu la tsoekere le hlaphoheloa kelellong, o fuoa lijo tse nang le lik'habohaedreite tse ngata e le hore tlhaselo ea hypoglycemia e se ke ea khutla.
Insulin ea nako e bohareng e hatelloa ho:
- hypoglycemia;
- insuloma;
- hypersensitivity ho "insulin" ea hormone kapa ho likarolo leha e le life tsa lithethefatsi.
Ho bohlokoa ho ela hloko hore moriana o ka baka litla-morao tse atisang ho hlaha ka ho fetella, lijo tse setseng kapa lijo tse 'meleng, ho ikoetlisa ka matla le nts'etsopele ea lefu le kotsi le tšoaetsanoang. Maemong ana, matšoao a tsamaisana le hypoglycemia, mathata a methapo ea kutlo, ho thothomela, mathata a ho robala.
Hangata karabelo e bakoang ke ho kula ha mokuli e na le kutloisiso e eketsehileng ea insulin ea tlhaho ea liphoofolo. Mokuli o na le ho hema hanyane, ho ts'oaroa ke anaphylactic, lekhopho letlalong, ho nyekeloa ke larynx, ho hema ka thata. Ho na le bothata bo matla ba ho kulisoa bo ka behang bophelo ba motho kotsing.
Haeba moriana o sebelisoa ka nako e telele, lipodystrophy e ka bonoa setsing sa ente ea insulin.
Ka hypoglycemia, khatello ea maikutlo hangata e mpefala mme lebelo la karabelo ea psychomotor le fokotse, ka hona, nakong ea ho hlaphoheloa ha ua lokela ho khanna koloi kapa ho khanna mekhoa e meholo.
Ho sebelisana le meriana e meng
Litšusumetso, tse kenyelletsang zinki, ha lia lokela ho tsoakoa le insulin e nang le phosphate, ho kenyelletsa le hore ha e tsoakane le litokisetso tse ling tsa zinc-insulin.
Ha o sebelisa lithethefatsi tse ling, o lokela ho buisana le ngaka ea hau, kaha lithethefatsi tse ngata li ka ama tlhahiso ea tsoekere.
Ntlafatsa phello ea hypoglycemic ea "insulin" ea hormone le ho eketsa kotsi ea lithethefatsi tse kang:
- marangrang
- monoamine oxidase inhibitors
- hypoglycemic agents
- ifosfamides, alpha-blockers,
- sulfonamides,
- Angiotensin -
- tritoxylin,
- disopyramids
- fibrate
- clofibrate
- fluoxetines.
Hape, pentoxifyllines, propoxyphenes, salicylates, amphetamines, anabolic steroids le triphosphamides le tsona li baka phello e tšoanang.
Matlafatsa kapa ho fokolisa phello ea hypoglycemic ea salicylates ea li-hormone, salate ea lithium, beta-blockers, reserpine, clonidine. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ama mmele le lino tse tahang.
Diuretics, glucocorticosteroids, sympathomimetics, lithibela-pelehi tsa molomo, li-antidepressants tsa tricyclic li ka fokolisa ketso ea insulin.
Ho video e sehloohong sena, tlhaiso-leseling e mabapi le insulin e sirelitsoeng.
