Glucose e tloaelehileng ea mali

Glycemia e bitsoa glucose ea mali. Ona ke boemo ba 'mele bo ikarabellang bakeng sa taolo ea lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa' meleng oa lintho tse phelang. Letšoao la tsoekere le ka feto-fetoha kapa ho theoha, le lona le ka ba le sebopeho sa 'mele le sa' mele. Tekanyo ea tsoekere e nyoloha ka mor'a hore lijo li kene 'meleng, ka mokhoa o sa lekaneng oa insulin, mme o fokotseha ka lebaka la catabolism, hyperthermia, ho pepeseha ha khatello ea maikutlo le ho ikoetlisa haholo hoa' mele.

Sekhahla sa tsoekere maling se bohlokoa haholo nakong ea tlhahlobo, se u lumellang ho hlakisa liphetoho ho metabolism ea carbohydrate le boemo ba tšebeliso ea matla ke lisele le lisele tsa 'mele. Matšoao a tloaelehileng le a ts'ebetso ea methapo ea methapo a nkoa sehloohong sena.

Glucose maling a motho

Li-carbohydrate tsohle tse kenang 'meleng li ke ke tsa ananeloa ka sebopeho sa tsona sa pele. Li robehile ho theha li-monosaccharides li sebelisa li-enzyme tse khethehileng. Tekanyo ea karabelo ena e itšetlehile ka ho rarahana ha sebopeho. Li-saccharides tse eketsehileng tseo e leng karolo ea lik'habohaedreite, butle-butle li-process tsa ho robeha le ho monya tsoekere e maling ho tsoa maling.

Ho bohlokoa ho 'mele oa motho hore boholo ba tsoekere e maling bo lula bo le maemong a tloaelehileng, hobane ke ena saccharide e fanang ka matla ho lisele tsohle le lisele. Pele ho tsohle, ho hlokahala bakeng sa mosebetsi oa bokong, pelo, lisebelisoa tsa mesifa.

Ho boloka maemo a glycemic a lekaneng ke tiiso ea bophelo bo botle

Ho etsahalang haeba boemo ba glucose bo feta litekanyetso tse amohelehang:

• hypoglycemia (matšoao a ka tlase ho se tloaelehileng) e baka tlala ea tlala, ka lebaka la moo lisele tsa litho tsa bohlokoa tsa atrophy;
• hyperglycemia (boemo ba tsoekere kaholimo ho e tloaelehileng) e baka tšenyo methapong ea mali, e lebisa ho fokotseha ha lumen ea bona le pathology e eketsehileng ea lisele tsa trophic ho fihlela nts'etsopele ea gangren.

Matšoao a tloaelehileng

Tekanyo ea tsoekere ea mali e ikemiselitsoe ka mekhoa e mengata. E 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tsona e na le linomoro tse tloaelehileng.

Tlhahlobo ea bongaka

Tlhahlobo e akaretsang ea mali e u lumella ho hlakisa matšoao a bongata a likarolo tse thehiloeng, hemoglobin, sistimi ea coagulation, ho hlakisa boteng ba lits'ebetso tsa allergic kapa tsa ho ruruha. Mokhoa ona oa ho lemoha o sa bonts'e boemo ba tsoekere, empa ke motheo o tlamang bakeng sa lithuto tsohle tse bontšitsoeng ka tlase.

Teko ea tsoekere

Tlhahlobo e lekola hore na monosaccharide e kae maling a capillary. Liphetho tsa hlahlobo li joalo ho banna le basali ba baholo, hobane bana ba fapana ka lilemo. Bakeng sa ho fumana data e nepahetseng, o tlameha ho lahla lijo tsa hoseng, o hlatsoa meno, o hlafuna chepisi. Motšehare, u se ke ua se noe joala le meriana (kamora lipuisano le ngaka ea hau). Madi a tloswa mo monwaneng. Liphetho li ka ba lihlopheng tse latelang: mmol / l, mg / 100 ml, mg / dl, mg /%. Tafole e bonts'a likarabo tse ka khonehang (mmol / l).

Tlhahlobo ea biochemical

Biochemistry ke mokhoa oa tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo ea bokahohleng, hobane, ntle le glycemia, e u lumella ho tseba lipalo tsa lipalo tsa bohlokoa tsa palo. Bakeng sa lipatlisiso, mali a tsoang mothapong oa hlokahala.

Madi ke mokelikeli oa likokoana-hloko, liphetoho lipitsong tsa tsona tse bonts'a ho ba teng hoa lefu la 'mele' meleng

Likahare tse tloaelehileng tsa "monosaccharide" tlhahlobisong ea biochemical li fapana le tsa bongaka ba meno ka hoo e ka bang 10-12% (mmol / l):

• ha a fihla lilemong tse 5 le ho feta - 3.7-6.0;
• naha ea moeli ha e fihla lilemong tse 5 le ho feta - 6.0-6.9;
• Lefu la tsoekere mellitus - kaholimo ho 6.9;
• moelelo oa masea ke 2.7-4.4;
• ntho e tloaelehileng nakong ea kemaro le ho batho ba tsofetseng ke 4,6-6.8.

Ho plasma ea mali a venous, ha ho supe feela matšoao a tsoekere, empa le boemo ba cholesterol, kaha kamano ea lintho tsena tse peli e netefalitsoe nako e telele.

Tlhahlobo e tšoanang e etsoa maemong a latelang:

• tlhahlobo ea bongaka ea baahi;
• botenya
• pathology ea lisebelisoa tsa endocrine;
• ho ba teng ha matšoao a hypo- kapa hyperglycemia;
• ho lekola mamello ea mokuli;
• nakong ea kemolo ho qhelela ka thoko sebopeho sa "lefu le monate".

Tlhaloso ea mamello

Tlhahlobo ea mahlale ea lefu la tsoekere

Mamello ea glucose ke boemo ba lisele tsa 'mele, moo kutlo ea tsona ea insulin e fokotsang haholo. Ntle le hormone ena ea pancreatic, tsoekere ha e khone ho kena ka seleng ho fana ka matla a hlokahalang. Ka hona, le mamello e sa foleng, keketseho ea palo ea tsoekere plasma ea mali e ba teng.

Haeba ts'oaetso ea lefu lena e le teng, e ka khethoa ho sebelisa liteko tse "nang le mojaro", tse lumellang ho hlakisa litekanyetso tsa "caroshydrate monosaccharide" esita le ka mor'a ho kenella ka potlako ho carbohydrate.

Phuputso e fanoe maemong a latelang:

• ho ba teng ha matšoao a "lefu le monate" ka lipalo tse tloaelehileng tsa tsoekere maling;
• glucosuria ea nako le nako (tsoekere ka har'a moroto);
• eketsa molumo oa moroto ka letsatsi;
• pathology ea carbohydrate metabolism;
• boteng ba beng ka motho ea nang le lefu la tsoekere;
• ho ima le ho hlaha ha ngoana ea nang le nalane ea macrosomia;
• tšitiso e matla ea lisebelisoa tse bonoang.

Mali a nkuoa ho mokuli, phofo ea tsoekere e tšeloa ka khalase ea metsi kapa tee, 'me ka linako tse itseng (ho ea ka litaelo tsa ngaka, empa ka tekanyetso kamora lihora tse 1, tse peli) mali a nkuoa hape. Ho na le moeli o lumeletsoeng oa moelelo o felletseng, le lipalo tsa pathology li ka bonoa tafoleng e ka tlase.

Liphetho tsa teko ea mamello ea glucose

Glycosylated hemoglobin

U sebelisa mokhoa ona oa ho khetholla, u ka hakanya tsoekere ea hau ea mali ho feta kotara e fetileng. Erythrocyte hemoglobin e hokahana le monosaccharides, 'me e etsa hemoglobin ea glycated, ka hona ho ka khona ho fumana litekanyetso tse tloaelehileng bakeng sa potoloho ea bophelo ea lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, e leng matsatsi a 120.

Letšoao le lekantsoe e le liperesente (%) ea kakaretso eohle ea hemoglobin maling. Lipalo tse ka tlase ho 5.7% li nkuoa e le ntho e tloaelehileng; matšoao a ka bang 6% a supa kotsi e akaretsang ea ho holisa lefu lena le tlhoko ea khalemelo ea lijo. 6.1-6.5% - kotsi e kholo ea lefu lena, ka holimo ho 6.5% - tlhahlobo ea lefu la tsoekere e belaetse. Karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e lekana le lipalo tse itseng tsa tsoekere, e leng data e tloaelehileng.

Tokomane ea matšoao a HbA1c glycemia

Fructosamine

Tlhahlobo ena e bonts'a litaba tsa serum monosaccharide libekeng tse 2 tse fetileng. Tloaelo e lokela ho ba ka tlase ho 320 μmol / l. Tlhahlobo e bohlokoa maemong a moo ngaka e eang teng e nkile qeto ea ho fetola maqheka a kalafo, ho laola tekanyo ea matšeliso a lefu la tsoekere ho basali baimana, bathong ba nang le lefu la phallo ea mali (glycated hemoglobin e tla sotha).

Lipalo tse kaholimo ho 370 μmol / L li supa boteng ba maemo:

• tekanyo ea ho bola hoa lefu la tsoekere;
• ho hloleha ha liphio;
• hypothyroidism;
• maemo a phahameng a IgA.

Boemo bo ka tlase ho 270 μmol / L bo bontša se latelang:

• hypoproteinemia;
• lefu la tsoekere;
• hyperthyroidism;
• ja lino tse phahameng tsa vithamine C e ngata.

Pathology ea tsoekere ea mali

Hyperglycemia, ntle le lefu la tsoekere, e ka tsamaisana le ho ruruha ho matla le ho sa feleng ha makhopho, lefu la adrenal gland, lefu la sebete, tšebeliso ea nako e telele ea lithibela-mafu tsa molomo tse kopaneng tsa basali, le tšebeliso ea li-diuretics le li-steroid (ho banna).

Boemo ba hyperglycemia bo hlaha leha ho baloa tsoekere ka mpeng e se nang letho e phahame ho feta 6,7 ​​mmol / l. Lipalo tse fetang 16 mmol / l li bonts'a qalo ea precoma, ho feta 33 mmol / l - ketoacidotic coma, kaholimo ho 45 mmol / l - hyperosmolar coma. Maemo a hlakileng le a komisi a nkoa a le boima, a hlokang tlhokomelo ea tšohanyetso.

Hypoglycemia e hlaha le boleng ba tsoekere ka tlase ho 2.8 mmol / L. Ena ke palo e akaretsang, empa meeli e lumellehang e ka fapana ka hare ho 0,6 mmol / l ka lehlakoreng le leng kapa le le leng. Ntle le moo, mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ea ho tahoa (ethanol, arsenic, lithethefatsi), hypothyroidism, tlala ea boikoetliso, le ho ikoetlisa ka ho feteletseng e ka ba lisosa tsa tsoekere e tlase ea mali.

Ngaka e eang ho eena ke "mohlahlobi" oa mantlha oa matšoao a glycemia le liphetoho 'meleng

Nakong ea kemaro, hypoglycemia le eona e ka ba teng. E amana le tšebeliso ea karolo ea monosaccharide ke lesea. Hyperglycemia nakong ea kemolo e bontša nts'etsopele ea mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere (le tšoanang ho pathogenesis ho ea forong e ikemetseng ea insulin mme e tsamaisana le mamello ea glucose e senyehileng). Boemo bona bo itlhahela feela ka mora hore ngoana a hlahe.

Matšoao a tsoekere ea mali, hammoho le maqheka a mang a ho tsamaisa mokuli, a lokela ho hlahlojoa le ho khethoa ke setsebi. Ho itlhalosa ka mokhoa o ikemetseng oa lipalo ho ka lebisa ho se utloisiseng ha boemo ba bophelo bo botle ba motho, thabo e fetelletseng, le ts'ebetso e sa lebelloang ea kalafo haeba ho hlokahala.