Vascular atherosclerosis ke ho hlohlona ha methapo e meholo le e meholo ka lebaka la ho bokellana ha methapo ea methapo le kholo ea eona maboteng a eona a kahare. Matšoao a pele a ts'oaetso ea methapo a hlaha feela ha a koala khanya e fetang ea 50% ea sekepe. Kamora nako, litlolo tsa phallo ea mali e tloaelehileng li ka baka lefu la pelo, stroke, lefu la pelo, jj.
Ho tseba ka lefu lena ho kenyelletsa mekhoa e joalo ka ho khetholla palo ea lipids, lithuto tsa angiographic, ultrasound ea methapo ea mali le pelo. Motheo oa kalafo ke moriana, ja lijo tsa k'holeseterole, 'me maemong a hatetseng pele haholo, ho kenella ts'ebetsong.
Mehato ea nts'etsopele ea pathology
Leha lefu lena le atile, ha se bohle ba tsebang hore na lefu la vascular atherosclerosis ke eng. E tšoauoa ka ho hlahisoa ha li-atherosselotic plaque marakong a methapo ka lebaka la moferefere oa protheine le lipid metabolism.
Cholesterol ke motsoako o hlophisitsoeng, 80% ea eona e hlahisoa ke litho tsa ka hare tsa motho, 'me ke 20% feela e tlang ka lijo. Kaha ha e qhibilihe maling, e fetisetsoa metsoako e khethehileng ea liprotheine - lipoprotein. Mefuta e 'meli e meholo ea li-complex e khethollotsoe: high density lipoproteins (HDL) - e qhibilihang ka ho metsi, e thibela ho emisoa ha cholesterol plaque, palo e kholo ea HDL maling e bonts'a hore motho o phetse hantle; low density lipoproteins (LDL) - compoluble complete ha e na mali, ho fetella hoa bona ho lebisa ho hlahisoeng ha cholesterol ka sebopeho sa lijalo le lipalo.
Ke moetlo ho khetholla lipakeng tse tharo tse kholo tsa kholo ea atherosclerosis ea methapo ea mali:
- Ponahalo ea libaka tsa lipid. Lits'oants'o tse nyane le ho fokotseha hoa phepelo ea mali sebakeng se phethelletseng ho hlahiseng mafura marakong a methapo ea methapo. Ka bothata ba metabolism ea lipid le protheine, metsoako e thehoa marakong a nang le lipids, ho kenyelletsa cholesterol, le liprotheine. Ho thata ho nahana hore na karolo ena ea lefu lena e nka nako e kae, hobane ho motho ka mong ke motho ka mong. Matšoao a lipid a ka bonoa tlasa microscope feela. Ka linako tse ling li fumanoa le ho masea.
- Nts'etsopele ea liposulinosis. Mothating ona, ho thehoa lesapo la atherosselotic - motsoako oa lithane tse amanang le "adipose". Li metsi haholo, kahoo li ka qhibiliha, ho leng kotsi. Taba ke hore likhechana tsa li-cholesterol depositi li ka koala khanya ea sekepe. Marako a methapo eo methapo ea methapo e kenang ho eona e ea utloisoa bohloko ebe e lahleheloa ke matla a pele.
- Ponahalo ea atherocalcinosis. Li-plaque tsa atherossteotic li kopantsoe, letsoai la calcium le behiloe ka sebopeho sa bona. Ha nako e ntse e tsamaea, li ka nyoloha ka boholo, tsa fokotsa le ho fetola sebopeho sa methapo ea methapo. Sena se lebisa ho phumantšo ea phepelo ea mali ho lisa, le eona e bakang tlala ea oksijene. Hape, menyetla ea occlusion (blockage e mpe) ea sekepe e phahame ka tšupa-nako kapa likaroloana tsa methapo tse robehileng.
Ho na le maikutlo a hore ponahalo ea atherosclerosis e angoa ke mafu a tšoaetsanoang, liphatsa tsa lefutso le liphetoho tsa phetoho ea liseleng.
Melemo ea Kotsi ea Atherosmithosis
Ho na le mabaka le mabaka a mangata a eketsang monyetla oa ho holisa lefu lena. Ka tloaelo arolelana lintho tse ka se keng tsa qojoa, tse ka li lahlang le ho li lahla. Lintho tseo tse ke keng tsa qheleloa ka thoko ho kalafo ea bongaka kapa ho ikemisetsa ha motho ka mong li nkuoa li le kotsi.
Tsena li kenyeletsa:
- lilemo - botsofaling, ho qala ho tloha ho lilemo tse 45-50, liphetoho tsa atherosulinotic hangata li etsahala;
- bong - kotsi ea lefu la atherosmithosis ho banna ke menyetla e 4 ea ho ba le bothata ba ho kula ho basali, mme lefu lena le hlaha lilemo tse 10 pejana ho feta ho ba bong bo fapaneng;
- tloaelo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso - ho na le maikutlo a hore ho ba teng ha beng ka motho ea nang le ts'oaetso ea lefu lena ho eketsa menyetla ea nts'etsopele ea hae ka nako e ka tlase ho lilemo tse 50.
Maemo a mang a maloetse le maloetse a ka laoloang a ka felisoa ka mokhoa o ka bang teng. Tsena li kenyeletsa:
- Dyslipidemia. Ke tlolo ea metabolism ea mafura, eo ho eona ho nang le cholesterol e ngata, LDL le triglycerides. E bapala karolo ea bohlokoa kholisong ea lefu lena.
- Phaello ea mali. E tšoauoa ka keketseho ea khatello ea khatello e fetang 140/90 mm Hg, eo ha nako e ntse e feta e lebisang ho fokotseheng ha elasticity le matla a methapo ea methapo. Sena se baka maemo a matle bakeng sa ho thehoa hoa lipalo.
- Ho ts'oaroa le ts'oaetso. Lits'oaetso tsa ts'oaetso le ho tahoa ho fapa-fapaneng ho ama ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea pelo le pelo.
- Ho nona haholo le lefu la tsoekere. Ho ba teng ha bonyane ba maloetse a mabeli ho eketsa menyetla ea ho hlaha ha li-atheromatous ukukhula ka makhetlo a 5-7. Ho lefu la tsoekere, ho na le tlolo ea metabolism ea mafura le depletion ea methapo ea methapo.
Lintho tse lahliloeng ke tse ka felisoang ka boikemelo ka ho fetola mokhoa oa hau oa bophelo.
Tsena li kenyeletsa:
- Mekhoa e mebe. Pele ho tsohle, ho lokela ho hlokomeloa ho tsuba, hobane nikotine le li-resin tse nang le chefo li ama methapo ea mali hampe. Batho ba tsubang ba nang le "boiphihlelo" ba na le menyetla e mengata ea ho ba le khatello ea mali, hyperlipidemia le lefu la pelo la ischemic. Ho sebelisa joala khafetsa ho boetse ho ama boemo ba methapo ea mali.
- Mokhoa oa bophelo o sa sebetseng. Hypodynamia e kenyelletsa ho se sebetse hantle ha metabolism le nts'etsopele ea methapo e kholo ea methapo - botenya, vasher atmososis le lefu la tsoekere.
Sehlopha sona seo se kenyelletsa tloaelo e fosahetseng ea ho ja. Tšebeliso e sa khaotseng ea lijo tse potlakileng, lijo tse mafura, letsoai le ho bolokoa li eketsa menyetla ea ho sitisoa ha metabolism ea lipid.
Classified le matšoao a lefu lena
Ha Psychology e ntse e hola, nako ea bo-asymptomatic le ea kliniki li lokela ho khetholloa. Sena se bakoa ke hore matšoao a lefu lena a qala ho bonahala ha feela ho koaloa 50% ea leseli la mokokotlo. Boloetse bona bo aroloa ho latela lijana tse amehang.
Matšoao a atherosclerosis le eona e fapana haholo.
Mefuta (likepe tse amehang) | Matšoao |
Likepe tsa Coronary | Letšoao la bohloko la ho utloa bohloko, ho tobetsa le ho chesa semoyeng. Ka linako tse ling e ea molaleng oa leqeleng, lehare la mahetla kapa letsohong kaofela. Tšusumetso ea ho senyeha ha sefuba, bohloko nakong ea ho hema ka nako e telele, angina pectoris, ho hlatsa kapa ho nyekeloa, ho ferekana, ho hlatsa haholo, ho fufuleloa ho eketsehileng, bohloko ba morao le ho hloka thabo mohlahare o tlase. |
Sebopeho sa Aortic | Ho opeloa ke pelo, tinnitus, ho hema ka thata, hlooho e bohloko, ho hlobaela ho matla hloohong le molaleng, bofokoli, ho akheha, ho fufuleloa ho eketsehileng, mokhathala, ho itahlela ka khatello ea mali, ho nyekeloa le pelo le ho hlatsa. |
Stenosing atherosclerosis ea methapo ea methapo ea brachiocephalic | Ho tsekela ha ho fetoha boemo, boteng ba "lintlha le mapheoana" ka pel'a mahlo, pono e lerootho, maemo a makhuts'oane a hlooho, hlooho e opang, maoto le matsoho. |
Likepe tse ling | Motsoako oa mali ka moroto, ho thata ho ntša metsi, ho hlatsa le ho nyekeloa, bohloko bo ka morao le mokokotlong, potasiamo e tlase maling. Khahlano le nalane ea lefu la methapo ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo, ho se sebetse hantle ha masapo, mokokotlo oa mokokotlo, ho senyeha ha bokong le pelong. |
Likepe tsa cerebral (cerebral atherosulinosis) | Ho opeloa ke hlooho ha ho na ho nepahala, tinnitus kapa ho lla, mokhathala, ho hloka boroko, ho tšoha, ho tšoenyeha, ho fetoha ha botho, tšebelisano e mpe, puo e sa thekeseleng, ho hema le phepo e nepahetseng. |
Ho senya atherosulinosis ea likarolo tse tlase le tse holimo | Ho ikutloa eka o pholile maotong le matsoho, pallor ea letlalo, maikutlo a "li-goosebumps", ho lahleheloa ke moriri maotong le matsoho, ho hlaka ka lehlaba, bohloko ba leoto, liso tsa trophic, lesapo la mokokotlo, bofubelu ba maoto le matsoho. |
Litholoana tsa kholo ea bokuli
Kaha vasher atherosclerosis ha e iponahatse ka tsela efe kapa efe nako e telele, e ka hlahisa litlamorao tse ngata tse mpe ho mong'a eona.
Re lokela ho tseba hore mathata a lefu le joalo a na le ts'oaetso e mpe.
Hangata, ka lebaka la kholo ea atherosclerosis, bakuli ba nang le mathata a latelang:
- lefu la pelo;
- tlhaselo ea nakoana ea ischemic (tlolo e mpe ea phepelo ea mali ho ea bokong kapa retina ea mahlo);
- myocardial infarction;
- lefu la hemorrhagic kapa lefu la pelo;
- anortic aneurysm (tharollo feela ke ts'ebetso ea ho buuoa);
- ho se sebetse hantle ha renal;
- mesenteric thrombosis kapa sekhahla sa mesenteric ho haella;
- necrosis ea maoto kapa mala (tharollo feela ke ho khaoloa).
Karolo ea bohlokoa kalafong ea atherosulinosis e bapaloa ke tlhahlobo ea nako e tlang. Ho seng joalo, lefu lena le kenya mathata a mangata, ho kenyeletsa Lefu la pelo ea Ischemic.
Hangata ha ho e-ba le tšenyo e ngata lipakeng tsa pherekano le likepe tse kholo, ho hlaha litholoana tse bolaeang.
Melao-motheo ea ho fumana lefu la atherosclerosis
Pele ho tsohle, ngaka ea methapo ea kutlo e mamela litletlebo tsa mokuli, e bokella lintlha tsa nalane ea bongaka le mabaka a kotsi.
Boloetse bona bo bontšoa ke matšoao a kang ho ruruha, ho fetoha ha methapo ea kutlo, ho theola boima ba 'mele, ho ba teng ha wen' meleng, khatello ea mali le phetoho ea pulseation ea methapo ea mali.
Tlhahlobo ea atherosclerosis e kenyelletsa mekhoa e mengata.
Tsena li kenyeletsa:
- Patlisiso ea laboratori. Lefu lena le bontša keketseho ea khatello ea cholesterol, LDL le triglycerides maling.
- Tlhatlhamolimo. Ka atherosclerosis, ka thuso ea thuto ena, ho ka khona ho theha ho rarahana, ho tebellana le ho hlakola ha aorta. Ho holisa le ho holisa tikoloho ea sebakeng sa thoracic kapa mpa ho ka etsahala.
- Boitšoaro Tlhahlobo e etsoa le liphetoho tse atheromat likepe tsa coronary.
- Angiography. Ka ho hlahisa se fapaneng le sa radiography, ho ka khona ho lekola boemo ba likepe tsa lipalo tse tlase.
- Dopplerography (Doppler ultrasound) ea lijana tsa renal. Mokhoa ona o thusa ho tiisa kapa ho hanana le ho belaela ho ba teng hoa litopo tse tsoang methapong ea methapo ea kutlo.
- Ultrasound ea methapo ea methapo e tlase, pelo le pelo. E thusa ho bona li-plaques tsa atherosselotic, boteng ba ho phatloha ha mali le ho fokotsa phepelo e kholo ea mali.
Ntle le moo, ho sebelisoa litšoantšo tse ncha tse tlaase tse tlase. E khethoa maemong a sa lekanyetsoang ho hlahloba boemo ba phallo ea mali.
Phekolo ea bongaka le ea ho buoa
Ho ke ke ha khoneha ho hlaphoheloa ho tsoa ho atherosclerosis hang: lefu lena le hloka tlhokomelo e khethehileng.
Phekolo ea lefu lena e fokotseha ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ea k'holeseterole ka lijo, e ntlafatsa tšebetso ea metabolic 'meleng, e nka estrogen nakong ea ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli le ho ama lisosa tsa ts'oaetso ea tšoaetso.
Phekolo ea lithethefatsi ea pathology e kenyelletsa lihlopha tse 'maloa tsa lithethefatsi tse sebetsang.
Ts'ebetsong ea kalafo ho sebelisoa:
- Fibrate ke lithethefatsi tse fokotsang motsoako oa mafura. Ke setsebi feela se ka khethang pheko, kaha ho na le kotsi ea ho hlobaela ha hepatic le cholelithiasis.
- Niacin le lihlahisoa tsa eona ke lithethefatsi tse sebelisoang ho theola cholesterol le triglycerides, hammoho le ho eketsa HDL. Sehlopha sena sa lithethefatsi se kopantsoe le li-pathologies tsa sebete.
- Statins ke lithethefatsi tse sebelisoang haholo ha ho loants'oa atherosulinosis le mafu a mang a amanang le cholesterol e phahameng. Mochine oa ts'ebetso o etselitsoe ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea ona ke 'mele.
- Li-sequestrant tsa LCD ke meriana e tlamang le ho hloekisa mala. Ka lebaka lena, khatello ea lipids le cholesterol e fokotsehile haholo. Pakeng tsa karabelo e mpe, phello e ntseng e eketseha ea khase le ho sokela li khetholloa.
E le kalafo e eketsehileng, ngaka e ka u fa litlhare tse nang le mafura a omega-6 le omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, sedatives, le li-mineral complexes tsa vitamini.
Ka kotsi e kholo ea ho koaloa ha methapo ea methapo, lesapo la mokokotlo kapa mali le sebelisa mekhoa ea phekolo e sebelisang thipa.
Ka atherosulinosis, ts'ebetso e latelang e etsoa:
- Endarterectomy - bokhabane ba lejoe la cholesterol le karolo ea lebota la sekepe se senyehileng.
- Ho buuoa ka matla ka nako e telele - ho fokotseha ha sekepe se sebelisang catheter ea balune e lateloang ke ho kenngoa ha stent sebakeng seo e thellisang.
Ntle le moo, ho sebelisoa ho fetisa melaetsa ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo - ho kenella ho thibela nts'etsopele ea myocardial infarction.
Foreimo le mehato ea thibelo
Ka tlhahlobo e tlang ka nako ea methapo ea mali, matšoao le kalafo ea atherosulinosis, lefu lena le ka 'na la ba le liphihlelo. Ho tsamaellana le phepo e khethehileng le mokhoa oa bophelo o mafolofolo ho bolela ho thibela ho thehoa ha libaka tse ncha tsa atheromatous le lijana tse matlafatsang.
Ponahalo ea tlolo ea molao e matla ea phepelo ea mali ho lisele le ho boptjoa ha libaka tsa necrotic li bonts'a ho senyeha ha boemo ba mokuli le ho fola hoa hae.
Karolo ea bohlokoa kalafong ea lefu lena e bapaloa ke lijo tsa hypocholesterol. Ho latela likhothaletso, menyu ea mokuli e lokela ho ba le lihlahisoa tse latelang:
- nama e mafura a tlase le lijana tsa tlhapi;
- lihlahisoa tse se nang mafura tsa lactic acid;
- mafura a meroho;
- lijo-thollo tse nang le fiber ea tlhaho;
- tee e tala, lik'homphieutha tse sa koaeloang, uzvar;
- litholoana tse tala, meroho, monokotsoai le litlama.
Ka nako e ts'oanang, lijo tse eketsang cholesterol li tlameha ho kenyelletsoa lijong:
- lijana tse halikiloeng, tse halikiloeng, tse letsoai le tse tsubeloang;
- mafura a liphoofolo (tranelate e bolila, lore, tranelate);
- nama e mafura le tlhapi;
- offal (bokong, sebete);
- li-yolks;
- bohobe bo tšoeu, ho baka, li-pastries;
- chokolete, likuku, liswiti;
- lijo tse fumanehang habonolo le lijo tse potlakileng;
- kofi e matla le tee, tsoekere e tsoekere;
- lihlahisoa tsa lebese tse nang le mafura a phahameng haholo.
Ho bohlokoa ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea letsoai lijong tsa hau tsa letsatsi le letsatsi. Tloaelo e khothalletsoang e fihla ho ligrama tse 5 ka letsatsi. Ha o ja lijo tse nang le letsoai le lengata, palo ea mokelikeli 'meleng oa eketseha, khatello ea mali e eketseha, e amang boemo ba likepe hampe.
Ho thibela k'holeseterole e phahameng, ho ke ke bohlale ho ja liapole tse tala, morara, mahapu, quince le fragole e hlaha ka mpeng e se nang letho.
Ntoeng ea atherosclerosis, oli e linseed e na le mafura le livithamini tse ngata tsa polyunsaturated. Ka letsatsi le lumelloa ho noa 2 tbsp. l oli ka mpeng e se nang letho, e kolobisitsoeng ka metsi.
Ho boetse ho na le palo e kholo ea litlhare tsa setso tse sebelisetsoang ho thibela le ho phekola lefu la atherosclerosis. Leha ho le joalo, pele u li sebelisa, ho hlokahala tlhahlobo e tlamang ea setsebi sa kalafo.
Mokhoa oa ho phekola atherosclerosis ea lijana o tla joetsa setsebi se ka har'a sengoloa sena.