ISOFAN INSULIN: LITLHALOSO, LITEKOLO, THEKO EA ISOPHAN

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Setlhare ke sa insulin tsa nako e telele. Ebile, ke insulin ea motho, e ileng ea fumanoa ka lebaka la theknoloji e sebelisang DNA hape.

Ketso ea pharmacological

Isulin insulin e na le phello ea hypoglycemic. E sebetsana le li-receptor tse ikhethang ho membrane ea sele ea cytoplasmic ea ka ntle mme e theha sistimi ea "insulin-receptor" e khothalletsang ts'ebetso ea methapo, e kenyelletsang karolo ea mantlha ea li-enzyme tsa bohlokoa (pyruvate kinase, hexokinase, glycogen synthetase).

Keketseho ea lipakeng tsa "glucose" e ka hare e etsang hore tsoekere e fokotsehe maling. E boetse e thusa ho fokotseha ha sekhahla sa tlhahiso ea tsoekere ke sebete, ho eketsoa ho eketsehileng le ho amoheloa ke linama. E susumetsa glycogenogeneis, lipogeneis, synthetiki.

Sekhahla sa ho amoheloa, ka lebaka la moo lithethefatsi li nang le phello e tšoarellang, ho latela lintlha tse 'maloa ka nako e le' ngoe: sebaka le mokhoa oa tsamaiso, tekanyetso. Ntlheng ena, ketso ea insulin e ka feto-fetoha ho isa tekanyong e kholo. Ho feta moo, liphetoho tsena li ka bonoa eseng ho batho ba fapaneng feela, empa le ho mokuli a le mong.

Kamora ho enta ka subcutaneous, ka karolelano, moriana o qala ho sebetsa kamora lihora tse 1.5, mme phello e phahameng e ba teng lipakeng tsa lihora tse 4 ho isa ho tse 12. Tšusumetso ea lithethefatsi e nka lihora tse 24.

Ho qala ha phello le botlalo ba ho monya insulin hoa fapana:

ho tloha sebakeng sa ente (mpa, mpa, thipa);
ka khatello ea kelello ea liente ho moriana;
ka tekanyo ea insulin e tsamaisoang (lethal dose).

Likarolo tse ling:

Ha e fumanehe ka lebese la matsoele.
E ajoa ka mokhoa o sa lekanyetsoang holim'a lithishu.
Ha e phatlohe ka har'a tšitiso ea placental.
30-80% e epollotsoe ke liphio.
E senngoa ke insulinase haholo maling le lipong.

Ho nka isulin insulin

Lefu la tsoekere la lefu la tsoekere I le II.
Karolo ea ho hanyetsa lithethefatsi tse tsoang ka molomo tsa hypoglycemic.
Nakong ea phekolo e kopaneng, ho hanyetsa lithethefatsi tsa sehlopha sena.
Mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere la II ho basali baimana.
Maloetse a nakong.

Contraindication

Hypoglycemia, hypersensitivity, hammoho le hypoglycemia nakong ea kemero.

Litla-morao tsa insulin isulin ea lithethefatsi

E amanang le phello ea metabolism ea carbohydrate:

Hypoglycemia:

karohano ea mofufutso e ntlafalitsoeng
tlala
pallor ea letlalo
thothomelo, tachycardia,
nyakallo
hlooho e bohloko
paresthesia molomong;
hypoglycemia e matla, e haelloang ke kholo ea kholo ea hypoglycemic coma.

Liponahatso tsa mafu a manganga ha li na seoelo:

Kholo ea Quincke,
lekhopho la letlalo
anaphylactic makala.

Tse ling:

hangata qalong ea kalafo ea nakoana liphoso tsa refractive;
ho ruruha.

Boitšoaro ba lehae:

ho ruruha le ho hlohlona sebakeng sa ente;
hyperemia;
lipodystrophy sebakeng sa ente (ka tšebeliso e telele).

Tšebelisano

Ntlafatsa phello ea hypoglycemic ea insulin:

MAO inhibitors;
hypoglycemic lithethefatsi tsa molomo;
bromocriptine;
li-inhibitors tsa carbonic anhydrase;
sulfonamides;
fenfluramine;
litokisetso tse nang le ethanol;
Li-inhibitors tsa ACE;
li-beta-blockers tse sa khethang;
mebendazole;
Litokisetso tsa lithium;
litopo;
ketoconazole;
li-anabolic steroids;
cyclophosphamide;
octreotide;
pyridoxine;
clofibrate;
theophylline.

Weloc the hypoglycemic effect of insulin:

li-thiazide diuretics;
lithibela-pelehi tsa molomo
diazoxide;
lihormone tsa qoqotho;
morphine;
glucocorticoids;
danazole;
heparin;
BKK;
li-antidepressants tsa tricyclic;
nikotine;
sympathomimetics;
clonidine;
phenytoin.

Empa li-salicylates le reserpine ka bobeli li ka fokolisa le ho ntlafatsa ketso ea insulin.

Bongata

Haeba ho na le overdose, hypoglycemia e ka hlaha.

Pheko ea Hypoglycemia

Mokuli a ka sebetsana le hypoglycemia e bonolo ka ho ja sekhechana sa tsoekere, lipompong kapa lijo tse nang le lik'habohaedreite tse ngata. Ka hona, bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba lokela ho lula ba e-na le tsoekere, cookies, liswiti kapa lero la litholoana le bona.

Maemong a hypoglycemia e matla, ha mokuli a lahleheloa ke kelello, 40% ea dextrose kapa glucagon e kenngoa kahare.

Insulin ea ho qetela e entsoe ka liphatsa tsa lefutso e ka tsamaisoa ka bobeli ka mokhoa o ts'oanang. Ha kelello e khutlela ho motho, o hloka ho ja lijo tse nang le lik'habohaedreite tse ngata, sena se tla thibela nts'etsopele ea hypoglycemia.

Tekanyetso le tsamaiso

Tekanyetso ea sc e khethoa ke setsebi ka bonngoe boemong bo bong le bo bong. E ipapisitse le boemo ba tsoekere maling a mokuli. Tekanyetso e tloaelehileng ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea lithethefatsi e fapana ho tloha ho 0,5 ho isa ho 1 IU / kg, ho ipapisitse le boemo bofe ba tsoekere maling le litšoanelehong tse ikhethang tsa mokuli, hore na o sebetsana joang le insulin isofan ea motho le liphatsa tsa lefutso.

Isofan insulin, e le sethethefatsi sa motho ebile se entsoe ka liphatsa tsa lefutso, hangata e kenngoa ka lethekethe ka thipa, empa liente li ka etsoa mokokotlong, leboteng la ka mpeng le mokokotlong oa lehetla. Mocheso oa sethethefatsi se laetsoeng e lokela ho ba mocheso oa kamore.

Litlhokahalo tsa polokeho

Sebakeng sa anatomical, ho khothalletsoa ho fetola sebaka sa ente. Sena se tla thibela nts'etsopele ea lipodystrophy. Ka kalafo ea insulin, ho hlokahala hore u lule u lekola tsoekere ea mali kamehla.

Ntle le taba ea hore insulin ea motho ebile e entsoe ka liphatsa tsa lefutso e ka fetisoa, lisosa tsa hypoglycemia e ka ba:

ho tlola lijo;
lets'ollo, ho hlatsa;

Maloetse a fokotsang tlhoko ea "insulin" ea "pituitary, pituitary, adrenal cortex, gland ea thyme"

phetiso ea lithethefatsi;
phetoho ea sebaka sa ente;
ho ikoetlisa ho eketsehileng;
ho sebelisana le lithethefatsi tse ling.

Haeba insulin ea motho le ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e beoa nako le nako kapa hore litekanyetso li fosahetse, hyperglycemia e ka hlaha, matšoao a ao hangata a hlahang butle (lihora tse 'maloa kapa matsatsi). Hyperglycemia e tsamaea le:

ponahalo ea lenyora;
molomo o omileng
khafetsa ho ntša metsi khafetsa;
ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho hlatsa;
ho felloa ke takatso ea lijo;
ho tsekela
ho oma le boea ba letlalo;
monko oa acetone e tsoang molomong.

Haeba kalafo e tlang ka nako bakeng sa hyperglycemia e sa khonehe ka lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa1, ho ka hlaha lefu le kotsi la lefu la tsoekere, ketoacidosis.

Ka lefu la Addison, tšoelesa ea qoqotho e senyehileng, sebete le liphio, hypopituitarism le lefu la tsoekere ho batho ba tsofetseng, ho hlokahala hore ho fetole lethal dose le ho fana ka insulin ka hloko bathong le liphatseng tsa lefutso.

Phetoho ea tekanyetso e ka hlokahala le maemong ao mokuli a fetolang lijo tse tloaelehileng kapa a eketsa matla a ho ikoetlisa.

Insulin ea motho le ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e fokotsa mamello ea joala. Mabapi le phetoho ea mofuta oa insulin, sepheo sa eona sa mantlha, ho na le menyetla e phahameng ea ho fokotseha hoa bokhoni ba ho khanna likoloi kapa ho laola mekhahlelo e mengata.

Lithuto ha li khothaletsoe bakeng sa mefuta e meng e kotsi ea ts'ebetso e hlokang hore motho a mamelisise le ho potlakisa karabelo ea koloi le kelello.