Kameho e ka sehloohong ea batho ba nang le ts'oaetso ea endocrine ea metabolism ea carbohydrate ke taolo ea tsoekere ea mali.
Lijo tse nang le phepo e nepahetseng le lijo tse ka fokotsang khatello ea tsoekere ea 'mele oa hau li ka thusa.
Phepo e ama tsoekere ea mali joang?
Bakeng sa bophelo bo tloaelehileng le bophelo bo botle, 'mele oa motho o hloka matla a kamehla. Mohloli oa matla ke lijo tse jang letsatsi le letsatsi tse nang le lik'habohaedreite.
Kamora lijo tse ling le tse ling, lik'habohaedreite li kena 'meleng, moo li fetoleloang tsoekere. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, tsoekere e kenella liseleng, 'me ha e robehile, e ntša matla. Insulin e hlahisoang ke manyeme e fana ka ho kenella ha glucose mahala liseleng.
Sena se etsahala ho batho ba phetseng hantle. Ho mafu a endocrine, ho sebelisana ha insulin ka li-receptor tsa cellular hoa senyeha mme ho kenngoa ha glucose liseleng ho thata. Sena se ka etsahala ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa insulin, ha li-receptor li lahleheloa ke ts'ebetso ea tsona ea lihormone mme motho a fetoha mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2. Kapa makhopho a senya le ho khaotsa ho hlahisa insulin e lekaneng, joalo ka ha ho etsahala ka lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1.
Leha ho le joalo, ntle le ho kena liseleng, tsoekere e qala ho bokellana maling, e lebisang ho mathata a maholo le tlhaselo ea hyperglycemia. Ka hona, le mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere leha e le mang, ho bohlokoa haholo ho ja ka nepo le ho ja lijo tse ka fokotsang ho bokella tsoekere maling.
Litloaelo tsa glycemic
E le ho fetola lijo tsa hau hantle le ho fumana hore na u ka ja lijo life le tse kae tse nang le lik'habohaedreite, ho hlahlojoa khafetsa ha tsoekere maling ho etsoa. Bakeng sa litekanyo tsa letsatsi le letsatsi tsa boemo ba glycemia, li-glucometer li bonolo haholo - lisebelisoa tse sebetsang tse u lumellang ho fumana ka potlako tekanyo ea tsoekere maling maling.
Litsing tsa bongaka, tlhahlobo ea tsoekere e etsoa ka ho nka sampole ea mali mothapong kapa letsohong. Tlhahlobo e joalo e hlile e etsoa ka mpeng e se nang letho, empa molemong oa ho hlahloba, hangata ho etsoa lithuto tse peli, kamora ho qeta lihora tse 8 le hora ka mor'a ho ja.
Tekanyetso e amohelehang ea matšoao e fapana ho latela lilemo:
- bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 15 - ho tloha ho 2.3 ho isa ho 5.7 mmol / l;
- baholo ho tloha ho lilemo tse 15 ho isa ho 60 - ho tloha ho 5,7 ho isa ho 6 mmol / l;
- kamora lilemo tse 60 - ho tloha 4,5 ho isa ho 6,7 mmol / l.
Haeba tsoekere e phahame, Ntle le likeletso tsa bongaka, o hloka ho fetola lijo tseo o li jang le ho eketsa lijo tse nang le tsoekere e ngata.
Lihlahisoa tse Nyane
Lik'habohaedreite tse kenang 'meleng ka lijo li fapane ka sekhahla sa ho robeha ha tsona. Li-carbohydrate tse ling, tseo ho thoeng ke tse potlakileng, lia putlama ebe li fetoha tsoekere kapele.
Lihlahisoa tse nang le lik'habohaedreite tse joalo li nkoa li na le GI e phahameng (index ea glycemic). Haeba u ja sejana se joalo, tsoekere e maling e eketseha haholo.
Lihlahisoa tse tšoanang li kenyelletsa tse nang le GI ea tse fetang 50: bijouse, liswiti, phofo, lino tse tahang, lijo tse mafura, chokolete, litholoana tse monate. Liea tse joalo li lokela ho tlohelloa ka ho felletseng.
Litholoana tsa citrus, nama e halikiloeng, thepa e halikiloeng ea lijo-thollo, veine e omisitsoeng, kiwi le liapole li ka lumelloa nako le nako le ka bongata bo fokolang. Lihlahisoa tsena, GI e tloaelehileng ha e fetise 50, ka hona ha ho hlokahale ho tlohela ka botlalo lijana tse joalo.
Ho hatella phepo e nepahetseng ho etsoa hantle lijong tse nang le lik'habohaedreite tse rarahaneng tse ngatafatsang le ho lokolla tsoekere nako e telele. Tsena ke lihlahisoa tse nang le GI e tlase, eseng tse fetang 40. Tsena li kenyelletsa fragole, k'habeche, lierekisi, likomkomere, linaoa, zucchini, lebese la skim, tlhapi le lijo tsa nama, li-buckwheat le raese e sootho. Ho lihlahisoa tsena, tse u lumellang hore o fokotse khatello ea tsoekere maling maling, menyetla ea mantlha ea bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere e lokela ho eketsoa.
Lethathamo la lihlahisoa tse nang le li-GIs tse fapaneng:
| Litholoana le meroho | GI | Lithollo, lihlahisoa tsa lebese, phofo | GI | Lino le lihlahisoa tse ling | GI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| peinapole | 65 | li-pancake tsa koro | 70 | peanate | 25 |
| apricot | 25 | tšoeu | 50 | eggplant caviar | 45 |
| 'mala oa lamunu | 40 | feta chisi | - | jeme | 75 |
| lehapu | 70 | bagel | 105 | veine e tšoeu e omileng | 45 |
| banana | 65 | roll roll | 90 | veine e khubelu e omileng | 45 |
| lingonberry | 27 | li-dumplings le chisi ea chate | 63 | soda | 75 |
| broccoli | 15 | li-dumplings le litapole | 65 | walnuts | 20 |
| brussels ea hlaha | 20 | hamburger | 105 | sebete sa nama ea khomo | 55 |
| ciliegia | 25 | waffles | 85 | mosetareta | 38 |
| morara | 45 | croutons tse halikiloeng | 95 | li-mushroom tse halikiloeng | 15 |
| litholoana tsa morara | 25 | phofo ea buckwheat hodima metsi | 53 | gin le tonic | - |
| kharenate | 30 | mothwebe | 55 | veine ea sopho | 35 |
| pere | 35 | yoghur ea litholoana | 55 | morara o omisitsoeng | 70 |
| melon | 55 | yogurt ea tlhaho 1.5% | 30 | squash caviar | 70 |
| bb | 20 | zucchini tse halikiloeng | 70 | tsoekere ea cocoa ea mahala | 45 |
| fragole e hlaha | 20 | kefir e mafura a tlase | 28 | caramel | 85 |
| lierekisi tse tala | 45 | lihlahla tsa poone | 80 | litapole tsa litapole | 90 |
| lifeiga | 30 | paseka e holimo | 83 | kvass | 35 |
| hop e ncha | 15 | pasta e thata | 55 | ketchup | 20 |
| hop e phehiloeng | 20 | wholemeal pasta | 40 | fiber | 35 |
| sauerkraut | 20 | semolina porridge ka lebese | 68 | soseji e phehiloeng | 35 |
| litapole tse phehiloeng | 60 | lebese la tlhaho | 35 | litholoana compote | 65 |
| litapole tse halikiloeng | 98 | skim lebese | 30 | cognac | - |
| litapole tse khotliloeng | 90 | lebese la soya | 35 | li-cutlets tsa nama ea kolobe | 55 |
| kiwi | 55 | lebese le tlotsitsoeng | 85 | li-cutlets tsa litlhapi | 55 |
| fragole | 35 | margarine | 53 | lithupa tsa Crab | 45 |
| cranberries | 43 | ice cream | 73 | kofi ea tlhaho | 50 |
| kokonate | 40 | muesli | 85 | kofi ea fatše | 40 |
| gooseberry | 45 | oatmeal holim'a metsi | 60 | liapolekose tse omisitsoeng | 35 |
| poone e phehiloeng | 75 | oatmeal porridge ka lebese | 65 | joala | 35 |
| eiee | 15 | oatmeal | 45 | mayonnaise | 65 |
| leek | 20 | matlakala | 50 | marmalade | 35 |
| Lemon | 25 | omelet | 50 | mehloaare e metšo | 20 |
| tangerine | 45 | dumplings | 65 | lialmonde | 27 |
| tse tala | 35 | Perese ea harese metsing | 25 | mahe a linotsi | 95 |
| mango | 50 | morekisi | 85 | sea kale | 25 |
| lihoete | 35 | kuku, kuku, likuku | 105 | mehloaare e tala | 20 |
| sea buckthorn | 35 | phae e halikiloeng ka jeme | 90 | oli ea mohloaare | - |
| likomkomere | 23 | phae e halikiloeng lehe le onion | 90 | biri | 115 |
| pepere e monate | 15 | chisi ea chisi | 65 | popcorn | 83 |
| perekisi | 35 | millet porridge metsing | 75 | oli ea limela | - |
| parsley | 7 | lierekisi tsa raese metsing | 70 | crayfish e phehiloeng | 7 |
| tamati | 15 | lierekisi tsa raese ka lebese | 80 | mafura a dikolobe | - |
| radish | 17 | raese e phehiloeng e sa phetsoang | 60 | tsoekere | 73 |
| sechu sa meroho | 60 | tranelate 10% | 35 | peo ea mokopu | 23 |
| lettuce la makhasi | 12 | botoro | 55 | lipeo tsa sonobolomo | 10 |
| li-beet tse phehiloeng | 65 | tranelate e bolila 20% | 55 | lero la lamunu | 43 |
| plums | 25 | soya phofo | 17 | lero la phaenapole | 48 |
| currant e ntšo | 20 | maqheka | 75 | lero la morara | 50 |
| currant e khubelu | 33 | chisi ea tranelate | 55 | lero la tamati | 20 |
| mokopu o phehiloeng | 80 | chisi ea tofu | 17 | lero la apole | 43 |
| dill | 17 | feta chisi | 55 | sesepa sa soya | |
| linaoa tse phehiloeng | 45 | li-pancake tsa chisi | 75 | soseji | 30 |
| Persimmon | 52 | chisi e thata | - | pistachios | 20 |
| monko o monate | 30 | Cottage chisi 9% | 32 | hazelnuts | 20 |
| kholifolaoa e halikiloeng | 40 | chisi e se nang mafura | 32 | champagne e omeletseng | 43 |
| kholifolaoa e phehiloeng | 20 | boima ba curd | 50 | chokolete ea lebese | 75 |
| li-blueberries | 45 | halva | 75 | chokolete e lefifi | 25 |
| konofolo | 32 | Bohobe ba Borodino | 43 | bara ea chokolete | 75 |
| li-prunes | 23 | bohobe ba koro | 135 | shawarma ka bohobe ba pita | 75 |
| lensisi tse phehiloeng | 28 | bohobe ba rye-koro | 70 | ||
| spinach | 13 | bohobe bo felletseng | 43 | ||
| liapole | 32 | ntja e chesang | 95 |
Melao-motheo ea lijo
Melao-motheo ea phepo e nepahetseng, ka lebaka leo ka lona u ka fokotsang pontšo le ho thibela sekhahla se matla sa tsoekere ea mali, e lokela ho bonoa ke batho ba lefu la tsoekere ba mofuta ofe kapa ofe bophelong:
- E ja khafetsa, empa e fokolang.
Arola lijo tsa khalori tsa letsatsi le letsatsi lijong tse ngata, ho ke ke ho hotle hore e be bonyane 5. Methati e pakeng tsa lijo, hammoho le lijo ka boeona, e lokela ho ba nyane. - Khomarela molao - lijo tse ling tse nang le GI e tlase 'me u se kenye lijana tse nang le index e phahameng ea glycemic. Lihlahisoa tse nang le letšoao la 40 ho isa ho 50 li ka jeoa habeli ka beke.
- Fana ka khetha ho li-stew, li-steamed kapa tse tala (meroho, litlama le litholoana). Ka linako tse ling o ka baka, empa ho tšela oli ho thibetsoe.
- Bakeng sa ho baka, sebelisa rye kapa phofo eohle ea lijo-thollo le li-sweeteners.
- Qoba ho bolaoa ke tlala, empa hape u se ke oa ja ho tlola. Lijo tsa ho qetela e lokela ho ba lihora tse 2-3 pele u robala.
- Letsatsi le leng le le leng, nosetsa lilithara tse 1.5-2 tsa metsi a hloekileng a ntseng a le teng.
- Lekanya tsoekere ea mali pele u e ja le hora e le 'ngoe ka mor'a ho ja. Rekota matšoao bukeng ea lintlha.
Arola lijo tsa khalori tsa letsatsi le letsatsi lijong tse ngata, ho ke ke ho hotle hore e be bonyane 5. Methati e pakeng tsa lijo, hammoho le lijo ka boeona, e lokela ho ba nyane.E phela bophelo bo mafolofolo, ho sa tsotelehe lilemo. Ho ikoetlisa, ho tsamaea, yoga kapa ho sesa e lokela ho ba letsatsi le letsatsi.
U ka ja joang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1?
Litsebi tsa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 li qobelloa ho rala ente ea insulin ka tieo. Mofuteng oa 1 oa lefu la tsoekere, manyeme a qhekella mme a emisa ho hlahisa lihomone.
Tekanyo ea ente e ipapisitse le phallo ea tsoekere maling le palo ea lik'habohaedreite tse potlakileng. Ho e bala ka nepo, o hloka ho boloka tlaleho ea lik'habohaedreite tse jeoang le matšoao a tsoekere pele le ka mor'a lijo. Lijo tse nang le lik'habohaedreite tse fokolang li kena 'meleng, li theola litekanyetso tsa lihormone.
Lethathamo la lihlahisoa tse thibetsoeng:
- ho tsubeloa, ho khaoloa le ho hlatsoa lijana tse letsoai haholo;
- bijoux le soseji;
- muffin, bohobe ba koro, tsoekere le lino tse tsoekere;
- litlhapi tse mafura le lijana tsa nama;
- meroho e halikiloeng le litholoana tse monate;
- lisosa tse mafura, kofi le soda.
Tse latelang li lokela ho hlaha tafoleng:
- skim lebese le lihlahisoa tsa lebese le bolila;
- bohobe ba lijo-thollo tse felletseng, eseng tse fetang tse peli ka lisenthara;
- meroho e sa tsoa khuoa, e phehiloeng le e fuoang, litlama le lipere tse sa buuoang, liapole;
- tlhapi e nang le mafura a fokolang, sefuba sa khoho le nama e halikiloeng;
- buckwheat, oatmeal le raese e sootho;
- li-compotes tsa litholoana le jelly ntle le monate.
Ho tsamaisana le lijo tse joalo ho tla thusa ho laola mafu le ho boloka bophelo bo botle.
Lijo tsa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2
Bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 ha ba fuoe ente ea insulin. Hormone e hlahisoa ka tlhaho 'meleng, empa e sa khone ho ama lisele, e leng ho nolofatsang ho monya glucose. Bakuli ba joalo ba khothalletsoa ho nka lithethefatsi tse fokotsang tsoekere le ho eketsa matla a lisele tsa insulin.
Ka lebaka la hore khaello ea endocrine hangata e hlaha ka lebaka la botenya, ho bohlokoa hore batho ba lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 ba fokotse boima le ho boloka maemo a bona a glucose ka lijo. Tabeng ena, phepo e nepahetseng ea phepo ha ea lokela ho ba le khalori e phahameng, empa bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2 ha baa lokela ho ja lijo tse matla.
Li hloka ho behella ka thoko lijo tse nang le index e phahameng ea glycemic, ke hore, lahla lijo tse tsoekere tse mafura a mangata le lisosa, tsoekere le lipitsa, 'me li rata meroho e ncha le e nang le mafura, e nang le mafura a mangata, lihlahisoa tse bobebe tsa lebese le bolila le nama e tlase. Ntlha ea tlamo kalafong ke tloaelo e tlisoang ke ho ikoetlisa le ho lahla mekhoa e mebe.
Motsoako oa glucose o theoha
Basali ba baimana ba etsa tlhahlobo ea mali bakeng sa tsoekere nakong eohle ea pelehi. Boithuto bona ke mokhoa oa ho thibela pelehi ho thibela le ho fumana nako ka nako basali ba baimana.
Ka nako ena, liphetoho tsa lihormone li ba teng 'meleng oa' m'e oa ka moso 'me tlhahiso ea progesterone ea eketseha, ka lebaka leo tsoekere e maling e ka eketsehang.
Tloaelo e loketseng ea tsoekere ho basali ba baimana ha e felle 5.7 mmol / l. Tekanyo ea tsoekere ka holimo ho 7 mmol / L e bonts'a monyetla oa lefu la tsoekere.
Hangata sena se tsamaisana le matšoao a latelang:
- molomo o omileng le lenyora le eketsehang;
- mathata a pono;
- bofokoli le ho otsela;
- ho tšosa le ho opa hangata;
- letlalo la letlalo le boreleli.
Matšoao a joalo, a kopantsoe le ho ts'oaroa ka tsoekere e ngata, a hloka kalafo e nepahetseng ho thibela mathata.
Phekolo ea mantlha bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere la mmele ke ho latela mokhoa oa ho ja.
Hangata ho fanoa ka litlhahiso tse joalo:
- ho behelloa ka thoko lijong tsa liswiti, tsoekere e sa tsoakoang le litholoana tse monate;
- fokotsa litapole le meroho e nonneng haholo;
- hana li-muffin le lijana tse nang le mafura a mangata, letsoai le linoko;
- ho se lumelle ho fokotseha ho fetelletseng ha likhalori tsa lijana, empa hape le ho se je ho tlola tekano;
- nwa metsi a mangata a hloekileng le tee ea limela
- tšoenyeha hanyane 'me u phomole haholoanyane;
- eketsa ts'ebetso ea 'mele - fana ka nako ea ho tsamaea, ho sesa, ho ikoetlisa hoseng;
- hlahloba mali khafetsa ka glucometer.
Hangata, ho ja le ho ikoetlisa ho u fa monyetla oa ho boloka tsoekere e le boemong bo amohelehang ntle le ho sebelisa meriana le liente tsa insulin. Kamora ho beleha, hangata maemo a tsoekere a khutlela ho tloaelehileng hape, empa ho etsahala hore mellitus ea lefu la tsoekere e fetohe lefu la tsoekere la kamehla mme e hloka kalafo ea bophelo bohle.
Lintho tsa video tse mabapi le lefu la tsoekere ho basali ba baimana:
Litlhare tsa setso
O ka fokotsa maemo a tsoekere ka thuso ea li-decoctions tsa limela tsa kalafo le meriana e meng ea setso.
Sena se ka sebetsa maemong a pele a lefu lena kapa hammoho le mekhoa ea phekolo e boletsoeng ke ngaka ea hau:
- Mokhoa o motle oa ho fokotsa boima le taolo ea tsoekere ke motsoako oa buckwheat le kefir. Bosiu, khaba ea buckwheat e tala e halikiloeng e tšeloa khalase ea kefir ebe hoseng motsoako oohle o noele. Li-cocktail tse joalo li lokela ho lokisoa bonyane matsatsi a 5.
- U ka sebelisa zestere ea lemone. E tla hloka ho tlosoa ho Lemons tse 6 tse kholo ebe e eketsoa ka makhapetla ho tloha ho 350 g ea li-clove tsa konofolo le palo e lekanang ea motso oa parsley. Motsoako ona kaofela o tšeloa ka sehatsetsing matsatsi a 14, ebe o ja halofo ea hora pele ho lijo tsa hoseng, lijo tsa motšeare le lijo tsa mantsiboea bakeng sa 1 tsp.
- E tsebahala ka thepa ea eona e fokotsang tsoekere, dandelion e tloaelehileng. Makhasi a bokelloang nakong ea selemo a tšolleloa ka metsi metsotso e 30, ebe o eketsoa ka salate ea meroho le yolk e phehiloeng. U ka tlatsa motsoako oa vithamini ka tranelate e bolila e se nang mafura kapa oli ea mohloaare.
- Makhasi a fragola a manyane le ona a loketse merero ena. Li ka omisoa kapa tsa sebelisoa tse ncha, tse belisitsoeng ka metsi a belang mme ka mor'a metsotso e 15 ea ho kenngoa, e noe letsatsi lohle ka mokhoa oa tee. Ho nooa ho joalo ho ke ke ha fokotsa tekanyo e phahameng feela, empa ho tla thusa ho tlosa edema le lehlabathe liphihlelong.
- Li-raspberries tsa moru li na le thepa e tšoanang. Makhasi a sona a riteloa joaloka fragole mme seno se nooa se futhumetse letsatsi lohle.
- Pokello e entsoe ka likarolo tse lekanang tsa makhasi a linaoa, makhasi a lingonberry, stigmas tsa poone le pere. Ntho e ngoe le e ngoe e sithabetse ebile e tsoakiloe. Tšela motsoako ka khalase ea metsi a phehiloeng ebe u ema bonyane lihora tse 3. Noa khalase ea boraro ea infusion hoseng, thapama le mantsiboea.
Liphekolo tsena kaofela li sebetsa hantle ebile li khona ho laola boemo ba glycemia, empa kalafo ea lapeng e tlameha ho tlatsana le kalafo ea lithethefatsi le lijo, mme o se ke oa e khutlisa ka botlalo. Sena se bohlokoa haholo ho batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1, ha liente tsa insulin ha lia lokela ho fetoa.
Litsela tse ling hape tsa ho theola boemo ba hau ba glucose:
Ka lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2, khatello ea mantlha kalafong ke ho ja lijo le lithethefatsi tse fokotsang tsoekere, le litlatsetso tsa bongaka le motsoako e ka ba mokhoa o thusang le o tšehetsang.
