Tlhahlobo ea pele e fuoeng lefu lefe kapa lefe ke tlhahlobo ea mali a biochemical.
Ts'ebeliso ea mokhoa ona o tsebahalang oa ho lemoha o ka bona lits'ebetso tsa "methapo" ea methapo e kenang 'meleng.
Teko ea mali a biochemical e bontša eng?
Phapang pakeng tsa tekanyetso e atolositsoeng le e akaretsang ea tlhahlobo ea biochemical. Tekanyetso e akaretsang ea kalafo e kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea matšoao a mantlha a likarolo tsa mali a motho, a ka senolang litšitiso tse hlahang ka pelong, urinary, endocrine kapa tsamaiso ea tšilo ea lijo, boteng ba ho ruruha liseleng tsa sebete.
Matšoao a bohlokoa a kenyelletsa:
- protein eohle;
- aspartate aminotransferase (AST);
- alanine aminotransferase (ALT);
- bilirubin e tobileng le e felletseng;
- urea
- tsoekere
- k'holeseterole;
- moeinine;
- li-electrolyte.
Bohlahlobisisong bo tsoetseng pele, ho hlokahala li-enzyme tse ling ho netefatsa lefu lena:
- protheine ea c-e sebetsang;
- li-globulins;
- ferritin;
- fructosamine;
- lipoprotein;
- livithamini;
- sheba likarolo.
Matšoao a monehelo oa mali o tsoang mothapong oa mali
Ho bohlokoa ho tseba sephetho sa tlhahlobo ea biochemistry mme setsebi se tla bona setšoantšo se felletseng sa boemo ba naha le ts'ebetso ea litho tsohle tsa kahare le lits'ebetso 'meleng.
Ka hona, thuto ea biochemical e etsoa maemong a latelang:
- nakong ea litlhahlobo tsa thibelo ea selemo le selemo;
- nakong ea kemaro;
- ho lekola katleho ea kalafo;
- boteng ba matšoao a ho se sebetse hantle hoa litho life kapa life.
U ka fana ka mali joang bakeng sa biochemistry?
Ho fumana sephetho se tšepahalang, pele u nka mali bakeng sa biochemistry, ho hlokahala hore ho boloke melao e 'maloa:
- pele ho thuto e hanetsoe ho ja, ho tsuba;
- kantle ho tšebeliso ea lipompong, tee e matla le kofi ka letsatsi pele ho tlhahlobo;
- ha ho khothalletsoe ho etela bateng letsatsi pele u fana ka mali le ho ipeha kotsing ea ho ikoetlisa ka ho eketsehileng;
- matsatsi a mabeli pele ho tlhahlobo e tlang, tlohela lino tse tahang le khabone;
- nakong ea libeke tse peli pele ho thuto, ho bohlokoa hore o emise ho nka mofuta oa livithamini le lithethefatsi.
Ba fana ka madi hoseng. Ho bokelloa ha mali a 5 ho isa ho a 10 a mali ho tsoa mothapong o mokokotlong oa mokokotlo.
Lisampole tse bokelletsoeng tsa mali li fetisetsoa laboratoring ka sejelong se koetsoeng, se sirelelitsoeng leseli, ho thibela timetso ea bilirubin.
Haeba ho na le tlhokahalo ea ho etsa tlhahlobo, joale o hloka ho fana ka mali ka nako e le ngoe le ka laboratoring e ts'oanang le e fetileng.
Ts'ebetso ea biochemical e kenyeletsa eng?
Tlhahlobo ea biochemical e bonts'a litaba tsa bongata ba likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa mali:
- boemo ba tsoekere - sesupo sa metabolism e nepahetseng ea lik'habohaedreite mme ho latela tšebetso ea sistimi ea endocrine;
- Liteko tsa sebete li theha mokokotlo oa li-enzyme tse ka sehloohong tsa sebete. Li-coefficients tsa AST, ALT, GTP, alkaline phosphatase le bilirubin li thusa ho tseba boemo le ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea gland;
- protheine le likaroloana tsa eona li ikarabella ho abeng limatlafatsi 'meleng' me li kenya letsoho tlhahiso ea lisele tse ncha le boits'ireletso ba mmele;
- urea, uric acid le creatinine, li thehoa ka har'a sebete ka lebaka la ho bola ha lisele tse sebelisitseng nako, 'me li sibolotsoe ke tsamaiso ea moroto;
- lipids le cholesterol li kenya letsoho ka matla ho hlahiseng bile, lihormone le lisele tse ncha, li kenya letsoho tlhahiso ea matla;
- potasiamo maling e bontša boemo ba pelo le methapo ea mali;
- sodium e ama acidity le khatello ea osmotic.
Tlhahlobo ea lihlahisoa
Ke ngaka feela e ka balang ka nepo sephetho sa tlhahlobo eo, ho latela lilemo tsa mokuli le bong ba hae. Setsebi se tla bona matšoao a pontšo ea lefu lena ka mokhoa oa ho kheloha ho bohlokoa ho tloha matšoao a tabular.
U ka etsa setšoantšo sa boemo ba hau ba bophelo ka bo uena haeba u tseba boemo bo lekaneng ba enzyme ka 'ngoe.
Ts'ebetso e tloaelehileng
Ho hlahisitsoe tafole e nang le lethathamo la litekanyetso tse amohelehang tsa likarolo tsa mali ka har'a disampole tse ithutoang.
Ho lekola boithuto ba biochemistry ea mali, ho sebelisoa papiso ea litekanyetso tsa sampole ka 'ngoe ea mali le index ea maemo.
Lethathamo la lipalo tse tloaelehileng tsa mali:
| Khemistri ea mali | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Matšoao | Bana | Batho ba baholo | |||||
| ho fihlela khoeli e le 'ngoe | ho fihlela likhoeli tse 12 | Lilemo tse 1-14 | banna | basali | |||
Kakaretso ea protheine (g / l) | 46-68 | 56-73 | 63-82 | 68-83 | |||
| Albumin (g / l) | 35-44 | 35-49 | 36-55 | 25-40 | |||
Aspartate aminotransferase AST (u / l) | 30-75 | 15-51 | Ho fihla ho 47 | Ho fihla ho 41 | |||
| Alanine aminotransferase ALT (diyuniti / l) | 13-60 | 12-60 | Ho fihla ho 55 | Ho fihla ho 43 | |||
Alkaline phosphatase (yuniti / l) | Ho fihla ho 180 | Ho fihla ho 650 | 35-130 | ||||
Cholesterol (mmol / L) | 1,5-5 | 2,1-4,5 | 3,1-7,4 | 3 ho isa ho 7 | |||
HDL (mmol / L) | 1-3,9 | Ho feta 1,2 | Ho feta 1,5 | ||||
| LDL (mmol / L) | 2,6-4,5 | 2,5-4,7 | Ka tlase ho 3 | ||||
Glucose (mmol / L) | 2,7-4,6 | 3,4-7,2 | 3,5-7,3 | ||||
| Direct bilirubin (μmol / L) | 4-13,7 | 0,8-4,3 | 0,3-4,2 | ||||
Kakaretso ea bilirubin (μmol / L) | 10-51 | 4,5-22,5 | 3-17,5 | ||||
| Folic Acid (ng / ml) | 3,27 | 3-17,5 | |||||
Vitamin B 12 (ng / L) | 161-1300 | 182-910 | |||||
Iron (μmol / L) | 9,6-43 | 5,3-15 | 9,3-30 | 12,6-32 | 8,8-31,4 | ||
Potasiamo (mmol / L) | 3,7-7,5 | 3-6,6 | 2,9-6,4 | 2,4-6,5 | |||
| Sodium (mmol / L) | 126-156 | 122-150 | 132-165 | 126-145 | |||
Phosphorus (mmol / L) | 1,1-3,9 | 1,3-2,8 | 1-2,7 | 0,88-1,53 | |||
| K'halsiamo (mmol / L) | 0,92-1,26 | 1,04-2,2 | 2,24-3,5 | ||||
Magnesium (mmol / L) | 0,67-2,75 | 0,7-2,3 | 0,6-1,14 | ||||
| Paloinine (μmol / L) | 35-130 | 57-125 | 45-87 | ||||
Urea (mmol / L) | 1,5-6,4 | 3,4-7,5 | 2,4-8,2 | 2,19-6,49 | |||
Uric Acid (μmol / L) | 0,15-0,45 | 0,23-0,36 | 0,2-0,43 | 210-319 | 146-349 | ||
Ho kheloha ho matšoao ho bolela eng?
Phetoho efe kapa efe ea palo ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa mali ntlheng ea ho eketseha kapa ho fokotseha ke sesupo se tšosang sa qalo ea nts'etsopele ea li-pathologies tsa litho tsa ka hare.
Likahare tse phahameng tsa urea li ka bolela:
- nts'etsopele ea methapo ea methapo;
- pyelonephritis e hlobaetsang kapa sethaleng se sa foleng;
- lefuba la liphio;
- botaoa le lintho tse chefo.
Karolo e tlase ea karolo ena e etsahala ha:
- ho hloleha ha sebete;
- ho ruruha ho eketsehileng;
- lijo tse nang le khalori e tlase;
- ka mor'a ho kenella tsoekere;
- ts'ebetso ea metabolic e senyehileng.
Uric acid e hlaha ka mabaka:
- ho haella ha vithamine B 12;
- chefo ea khase;
- lefu la tsoekere;
- ka leukemia;
- mafu a bakoang ke tšoaetso;
- ho se sebetse hantle ha sebete.
Creatinine e ntse e eketseha ka lebaka la:
- ho hlobaela le ho hlaba ka thata ho sa phekoleheng;
- makhopho a sitisang;
- tšenyo ea mocheso letlalong;
- lefu la tsoekere
- hyperteriosis.
Ho theoha ha protheine e felletseng ho bonts'a mathata a joalo:
- tšebeliso ea nako e telele ea li-glucocorticosteroids;
- meroho
- tšenyo ea mocheso letlalong;
- cirrhosis ea sebete;
- ho ruruha ho eketsehileng;
- tahlehelo ea mali
- colitis, pancreatitis;
- oncology.
Keketseho ea maemo a liprotheine e shejoa ka nts'etsopele ea ho ruruha kapa ho felloa ke metsi.
Ho na le tsoekere e maling maling.
- lefu la tsoekere
- hlahala ea adrenal cortex le gland ea pituitary;
- ho ruruha kapa ho lemala ha bokong;
- chefo ea khase;
- lefu la sethoathoa.
Ho theoha ha tsoekere ho baka:
- insulin e ngata;
- lijo tsa tlala;
- lefu le sa foleng la sebete;
- nts'etsopele ea encephalitis, meningitis;
- Enteritis, colitis.
Ho tlola hoa matšoao a ALT le AST ho hlaha khahlano le semelo sa:
- lefu la pelo. Ho feta moo, boemo ba ALT bo tla ba holimo;
- botahoa ba sebete;
- sethala se matla sa hepatitis. Eketsa boemo ba AST;
- oncology ea sebete.
Alkaline phosphatase maemo a eketseha ka lebaka la:
- botahoa ba sebete;
- hepatitis ea li-etiologies tse fapaneng;
- masapo a masapo ka mor'a ho robeha;
- ho ata ha metastases ea masapo;
- nts'etsopele ea osteoporosis.
Lenane le phahameng la bilirubin le tsamaea le 'mala o mosehla,' me le bonts'a ho ba teng ha lefu la sebete, makhopho a mabe, ho taoa.
Hape ke sesupo sa lefu la gallstone le hepatitis.
Ho hola ha bilirubin ka kotloloho ho bolela nts'etsopele ea cholecystitis, hepatitis e hlobaetsang le lefu la tšoaetso ea sebete.
Maemo a GGT a eketseha ka chefo ea ethanol, lefu la pelo, lefu la tsoekere, le mononucleosis e tšoaetsanoang.
Litaba tse eketsehileng tsa motho ea nkang karolo ho tsa metabolism ea mafura joalo ka k'holeseterole e bolela:
- lefu la tsoekere
- pathology ea gallbladder;
- khatello ea mali e phahameng;
- lefu la pelo
- nako ea kemaro;
- nts'etsopele ea pancreatitis;
- hlahala ea tšoelesa ea senya.
K'holeseterole e tlase e ba teng ka pel'a mafu a kang:
- cirrhosis ea sebete;
- oncology;
- mafu a matšoafo
- ramatiki;
- Lijo tse tlase tsa khalori.
Lisosa tsa liphetoho mats'oao a likarolo tsa morao-rao maling:
- ho hloleha ha sebete haholo le ho fokolloa ke metsi ho lebisa ho eketsehang ha potasiamo. Ho oa ho bakoa ke lefu la liphio le tahlehelo e eketsehileng ea mokelikeli o tsoang 'meleng;
- tekanyo e tlase ea tšepe - letšoao mabapi le ho tsoa mali le ho ba teng ha hlahala. Lenane la tšepe le phahameng le bolela leukemia kapa lefu la tsoekere ea mali. E ka etsahala kamora ho ja haholo lithethefatsi tse nang le tšepe;
- mabaka a keketseho ea khalsiamo e teng ho oncology ea lisele tsa masapo, palo e ngata ea vithamine D le ho omella. Mosebetsi o sa lekaneng oa liphio le tšoelesa ea qoqotho e tsamaea le ho theoha ha tekanyo ea likhalsiamo;
- meroho e baka khatello e ngata ea folic acid;
- phepo e sa leka-lekanang le tšebeliso e mpe ea joala e lebisa ho hlokeng vithamine ena.
Lintho tsa video tse mabapi le ho etsa tlhahlobo ea mali a biochemical:
Teko ea mali ho bana e akaretsa likarolo tse tšoanang le ho batho ba baholo, e fapana feela ka litekanyetso tsa matšoao. Empa ho bohlokoa ho nahana hore liphetoho tsa li-hormone le kholo e sebetsang ea ngoana hangata li baka liphetoho maemong a li-enzyme ntle le ho ba teng ha li-pathologies lithong tsa setho sa botona. Ha lilemo li ntse li feta, ho kheloha ho joalo e ka ba ntho e tloaelehileng.
Ka hona, ngaka e lokela ho etsa qeto ka boteng ba lefu lena, kaha e itloaelitse matšoao le litholoana tsa lithuto tse ling.
