Glucagon ke eng: mesebetsi (karolo) ea hormone ea pancreatic, secretion (synthesis), ketso

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Le pele ho fumanoa insulin, lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa lisele li ile tsa fumanoa lihlekehlekeng tsa pancreatic.

Glucagon ka boeona e ile ea fumanoa ke Merlin le Kimball ka 1923, empa ke ba 'maloa ba neng ba thahasella ho sibolloa hona ka nako eo, mme ke lilemo tse 40 feela hamorao ho ileng ha hlaka hore hormone ena e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa' meleng ho metabolism ea 'mele ea ketone le glucose.

Ho feta moo, karolo ea eona ea lithethefatsi ha e na letho.

Lisebelisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale

Glucagon ke polypeptide e le 'ngoe e nang le masala a 29 a amino acid. Bohlale ba bohlokoa lipakeng tsa glucagon le lihormone tse ling tsa polypeptide, joalo ka

  1. lekunutu
  2. peptide e thibelang khase,
  3. VIP.

Amone acid e latellanang ea li-hormone ena e tsoana le ho liphoofolo tse ngata tse anyesang le tse tšoanang ho likolobe, batho, likhoto le likhomo; ke hormone ea pancreatic.

Ts'ebetso ea 'mele le karolo ea li-glucagon precursors ha e e-so hlakisoe. Empa ho na le monahano o thehiloeng ho tsamaiso e rarahaneng ea ts'ebetso ea preroglucagon hore kaofela ba na le mesebetsi e ikhethang.

Ka lisele tsa sehlekehleke sa manyeme ho na le literese tsa sephiri tse khethollang konokono e bohareng, e nang le "glucagon" le moholi oa kantle oa glycine. L lisele tse fumanehang ka mpeng li na le litlolo tse tsamaisang 'mele oa glycine feela.

Ho ka etsahala, liseleng tsena tsa manyeme ha ho na enzyme e fetolang glycine ho glucagon.

Oxyntomodulin e phahamisa cyclase ea adenylate ka ho tlama ho li-receptor tsa glucagon tse fumanehang ho hepatocytes. Ts'ebetso ea peptide ena ke hoo e ka bang 20% ​​ea tsoekere.

Protheine e kang glucagon ea mofuta oa pele e sebetsa ka matla ho lokolloa ha insulin, empa ka nako e tšoanang ha e ame hepatocytes.

Glycine, li-peptide tse kang glucagon tse kang glucagon le oxyntomodulin li fumanoa haholo ka mala. Kamora ho tlosa manyeme, secretion ea glucagog e ntse e tsoela pele.

Melao ea secretion

Secretion ea glucagon, 'me motsoako oa eona ke ketso eo tsoekere e ikarabellang bakeng sa lijo, hammoho le insulin, mafura acid le amino acid. Glucose ke inhibitor e matla ea sebopeho sa glucagon.

E na le tšusumetso e matla ho secretion le synthetic ea homone ena ha e nkuoa ka molomo ho feta ha e fanoa kahare, sena se bontšoa ke litaelo tsa eona bakeng sa tšebeliso.

Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, tsoekere e sebetsa ho secretion ea insulin. Ho ka etsahalang, phello ena e amahanngoa le ketso ea li-hormone tsa tšilo ea lijo 'me e lahlehile ka lebaka la lefu la tsoekere le sa fuoang hantle kapa ho sa tšoaroe kalafo.

Ha ho na moetlo oa li-cell. Ka mantsoe a mang, re ka fihlela qeto ea hore phello ea glucose ho a-lisele, ho isa bohōleng bo itseng, e itšetlehile ka ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea insulin secretion. Li-acid tse sa lefelloeng, 'mele ea somatostatin le ketone le eona e thibela maemo a secretion le glucagon.

Li-amino acid tse ngata li ntlafatsa secretion ea insulin le glucagon ka bobeli. Ke ka lebaka leo kamora ho ja lijo tse nang le protheine feela, motho a sa qalleng hypoglycemia e kopantsoeng le insulin mme mesebetsi eohle ea pancreatic e tsoela pele ho sebetsa ka tsela e tloaelehileng.

Joalo ka tsoekere, li-amino acid li na le phello e kholo ha e nkuoa ka molomo ho feta ha e kenngoe ente. Ka mantsoe a mang, phello ea bona e amahanngoa le lihormone tse ling. Ntle le moo, secretion ea glucagon e laoloa ke tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo.

The secretion le synthesis ea hormone ena e ntlafatsoa ke ho teneha ha methapo ea kutlo e nang le kutloelo-bohloko e ikarabellang bakeng sa polokeho ea li-pancreatic islet, hammoho le tlhahiso ea li-sympathomimetics le adrenostimulants.

Metabolism le glucagon synthesis e thehiloe ho melao-motheo e latelang:

  • Glucagon e timetsoa ka potlako ho sebete, plasma le liphio, le linthong tse ling tse etsoang.
  • Bophelo ba eona ba plasma halofo ea metsotso e 3-6 feela.
  • Hormone e lahleheloa ke mosebetsi oa eona oa tlhaho ha liprotheine li felisa masala a N-terminal histidine.

Mokhoa oa ketso

Glucagon e hokahana le sethala se itseng se fumanehang ka lehlakoreng la lisele tsa sepheo. Receptor ena ke "glycoprotein" e khethehileng ea molek'hule.

Ha e e-so khone ho hlakola sebopeho sa eona ka botlalo, empa ho tsejoa hore e tlameletsoe ho protheine ea Gj e sebetsang le "adenylate cyclase" mme e ama motsoako oa eona.

Tšusumetso e ka sehloohong ea glucagon ho hepatocytes e etsahala ka cyclic AMP. Ka lebaka la phetoho ea karolo ea N-terminal ea molek'hule ea glucagon, e fetoloa ho ba agonist e sa lekanyetsoang.

Ha e ntse e boloka kamano ea "receptor", bokhoni ba eona ba ho kenyelletsa cymbase ea adenylate bo lahlehile haholo. Boitšoaro bona bo tsebahala ka des-His - [Glu9] -glucagonamide le [Phen] -glucagon.

Enzyme ena e khetholla khatello ea methapo ea kutlo ea fructose-2,6-diphosphate, e amang glycogenolysis le gluconeogenesis.

Haeba boemo ba glucagon bo phahame mme sebopeho se potlakile, joale ka tekanyo e nyane ea insulin ea 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase / fructose-2,6-diphosphatase e etsahala mme e qala ho sebetsa e le phosphotase.

Tabeng ena, palo ea fructose-2,6-diphosphate ka har'a sebete e ea fokotseha. Ka khatello e phahameng ea insulin le palo e nyane ea glucagon, dephosphorylation ea enzyme e qala, mme e sebetsa joalo ka kinase, e eketsa boemo ba fructose-2,6-diphosphate.

Karolo ena e lebisa ts'ebetsong ea phosphofrafokinase - enzyme e potlakisang karabelo ea glycolysis e fokotsang.

Kahoo, ka khatello e phahameng ea glucagon, glycolysis ha e thibeloe mme gluconeogenesis e matlafatsoa, ​​'me ka mongobo o mongata oa insulin, glycolysis e butsoa. Ketogenesis le gluconeogenesis li hatelloa.

Kopo

Glucagon, hammoho le motsoako oa eona, e reretsoe ho emisa litlhaselo tse matla tsa hypoglycemia ha ho sa khonehe ho tsamaisa tsoekere e kenang ka hare ho mmele. Litaelo tsa tšebeliso ea li-hormone li hlalosa tsohle ka mokhoa o hlakileng

Hangata hona ho hlaha ho bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere. Hape, hormone ena e sebelisoa ho tlhahlobisong ea radiation ho hatella sepheo sa tšilo ea lijo. Maemong ana, ho na le mefuta e meng ea tšebeliso ea lihormone.

Glucagon, e sebelisoang ho tsa bongaka, e arohane le makhopho a likolobe kapa a likhomo. Sena se bakoa ke taba ea hore li-amino acid tsa glucagon liphoofolong tsena li fumaneha ka tatellano e tšoanang. Ka hypoglycemia, lihormone li tsamaisoa ka tsela ea methapo, kahare kapa ka likhapha ka bongata ba 1 mg

Maemong a potlakileng, ho molemo ho sebelisa glucagon le litsela tse peli tsa pele tsa tsamaiso. Kamora metsotso e 10, ntlafatso e etsahala, e fokotsang kotsi ea mafu a methapo ea methapo.

Hyperglycemia tlasa ketso ea "glucagon" e phela nako e khuts'oane, 'me e kanna ea se ke ea etsahala ho hang haeba mabenkele a glycogen ho sebete a sa lekana. Kamora ho tloaela boemo, mokuli o lokela ho ja ho hong kapa ho enta tsoekere ho thibela tlhaselo e pheta-pheto ea hypoglycemia. Litla-morao tse atileng haholo tsa tsoekere ke ho hlatsa le ho nyekeloa.

  1. Hormone ena e laetsoe pele ho phuputso e fapaneng ea X-ray ea pampitšana ea mala, pele ho MRI le ho khutlisa mohopolo oa ho phomotsa mesifa ea mala le ka mpeng le ho ntlafatsa tšebetso ea bona.
  2. Glucagon e sebelisetsoa ho imolla likhahla ho mafu a seteraeke sa biliary le sphincter ea Oddi kapa ho hlohlona ho sa utloahaleng.
  3. Joaloka ntho e thusang ho tlosa majoe ho tsoa gallbladder o sebelisa loop ea Dormia, hammoho le ts'ebetsong ea intestinal invagination le e sitisang ts'ebetso ea esophagus le ho ntlafatsa tšebetso ea tsona.
  4. Secretion ea Glucagon e sebelisoa e le sesebelisoa sa tlhahlobo sa tlhahlobo ea pheochromocytoma, kaha se kenya letsoho ho lokolla ha catecholamines ke lisele tsa tumor ena.
  5. Hormone ena e sebelisetsoa ho phekola ho makala, kaha e na le phello ea inotropic pelong. E sebetsa hantle ho bakuli ba nkang beta-blockers, hobane adrenostimulants ha e sebetse maemong a joalo.

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