Lits'ebetso tsohle tsa bohlokoa tsa 'mele li laoloa ke lihormone. Litšoelesa tsa bona tsa endocrine lia hlahisoa. Tabeng ena, tšoelesa e kholo ka ho fetisisa ke manyeme. Ha a nke karolo feela ts'ebetsong ea tšilo ea lijo, empa hape o etsa mesebetsi ea endocrine. Lihormone tsa "pancreatic" tse hlahisoang ke lisele tsa eona lia hlokahala moetong o tloaelehileng oa metabolism ea carbohydrate.
Tloaelo e akaretsang
Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa manyeme ke ho hlahisa li-enzyme tsa "pancreatic". E laola ka thuso ea bona lits'ebetso tsa tšilo ea lijo. Ba thusa ho theola liprotheine, mafura le lik'habohaedreite tse tlang le lijo. Ho feta 97% ea lisele tsa gland ke tsona tse ikarabellang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea tsona. Ke karolo ea 2% feela ea bophahamo ba eona e nang le lisele tse khethehileng, tse bitsoang "lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans." Ke lihlopha tse nyane tsa lisele tse hlahisang lihormone. Lihlopa tsena li fumaneha ka mokhoa o lekanang ho pholletsa le makhopho.
Lisele tsa endocrine gland li hlahisa lihormone tse ling tsa bohlokoa. Li na le sebopeho se ikhethileng le physiology. Likarolo tsena tsa gland moo lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans li leng teng ha li na matangoana a tlotsitsoeng. Ke methapo e mengata haholo ea mali, eo lihomo li neng li amohela ka kotloloho, li ba pota. Ka li-pathologies tse fapaneng tsa manyeme, lihlopha tsena tsa lisele tsa endocrine hangata li senyeha. Ka lebaka lena, palo ea lihormone tse hlahisitsoeng li ka fokotseha, tse amang hampe boemo ba mmele ka kakaretso.
Sebopeho sa lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans se matlafatsang. Bo-rasaense ba arotse lisele tsohle tse li etsang mefuta e mene 'me ba fumana hore e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e hlahisa lihormone tse ling:
- hoo e ka bang 70% ea molumo oa lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans o lula ka lisele tsa beta tse hlophisang insulin;
- sebakeng sa bobeli sa bohlokoa ke lisele tsa alpha, tse etsang 20% ea lisele tsena, li hlahisa glucagon;
- Lisele tsa Delta li hlahisa somatostatin, li etsa ka tlase ho 10% ea sebaka sa lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans;
- bonyane ho feta, ho na le lisele tsa PP tse ikarabellang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea polypeptide ea pancreatic;
- ho feta moo, ka tekanyo e nyane, karolo ea endocrine ea manyeme e hlahisa lihormone tse ling: gastrin, thyroliberin, amylin, c-peptide.
Boholo ba lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans ke lisele tsa beta tse hlahisang insulin
Insulin
Ena ke eona hormone ea mantlha ea pancreatic e nang le phello e mpe ho metabolism ea carbohydrate 'meleng. Ke eena ea ikarabellang bakeng sa ho feto-fetoha ha maemo a tsoekere le maemo a ho susumetsoa ke lisele tse fapaneng. Ha ho na monyetla oa hore motho ea tloaelehileng, hole le kalafo, o tseba seo li-pancreas li se hlahisang, empa motho e mong le e mong o tseba ka karolo ea insulin.
Hormone ena e hlahisoa ke lisele tsa beta, tse ngata haholo lihlekehlekeng tsa Langerhans. Ha e hlahisoe kae kapa kae 'meleng. Mme ha motho a ntse a tsofala, lisele tsena li shoa butle-butle, ka hona palo ea insulin e ea fokotseha. Sena se ka hlalosa taba ea hore palo ea batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere e eketseha ka lilemo.
"Insulin" ea "hormone" ke karolo ea protheine - polypeptide e khutšoane. Ha e hlahisoe ka mokhoa o tsoanang. E susumetsa tlhahiso ea keketseho ea palo ea tsoekere maling. Ka sebele, ntle le insulin, tsoekere e ke ke ea ananeloa ke lisele tsa litho tse ngata. 'Me mesebetsi ea eona e meholo ke hore e le hore a potlakise phetisetso ea limolek'hule tsa glucose liseleng. Ona ke mohato o rarahaneng, o etselitsoeng ho netefatsa hore tsoekere ha e teng maling, empa e fihla moo e hlileng e hlokahalang - ho netefatsa ts'ebetso ea lisele.
Ho etsa sena, insulin e etsa mosebetsi o motle:
- Ho phahamisa keketseho ea palo ea li-receptor tse ikhethang ho membrane ea lisele tse amehang glucose. Ka lebaka leo, botumo ba tsona bo eketseha, 'me tsoekere e kenella habonolo haholoanyane.
- E sebetsa li-enzyme tse amehang ho glycolysis. Ona ke mohato oa oxidation le phallo ea tsoekere. E etsahala ka tekanyo e phahameng maling a hae.
- E hatella lihormone tse ling tseo ketso ea tsona e lebisitsoeng ho hlahisoeng ha tsoekere maling. Sena se qoba ho eketsa bongata ba eona maling.
- E fana ka phallo ea tsoekere ho mesifa le mafura, hammoho le lisele tsa litho tse fapaneng.
Empa insulin ha e lekanye feela maemo a tsoekere. Physiology eohle ea 'mele e itšetlehile ka eona. Ho joalo, ntle le taba ea hore o fa litho tsa hae matla, o nka karolo lits'ebetsong tse ling tsa bohlokoa. Pele ho tsohle, ho eketsa ho ata ha membrane ea sele, insulin e fana ka phepelo e tloaelehileng ea letsoai la potasiamo, magnesium le phosphorous. Habohlokoa le ho feta, ka lebaka la sena, lisele li amohela liprotheine tse ngata, 'me ho bola ha DNA ho ea butle. Ho feta moo, insulin e laola metabolism ea mafura. E khothaletsa sebopeho sa mafura a ikhethileng mme e thibela ho kenella ha lihlahisoa tsa phallo ea mafura maling. E boetse e tsosa motsoako oa RNA, DNA le li-nucleic acids.
Insulin e laola tsoekere ea mali
Glucagon
Ena ke eona ea bobeli bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa pancreatic. E hlahisa lisele tsa alpha, tse nkang karolo ea 22% ea boholo ba lihlekehleke tsa Langerhans. Ka sebopeho, e tšoana le insulin - hape ke polypeptide e khuts'oane. Empa ts'ebetso e etsa se fapaneng hantle. Ha e fokotsehe, empa e eketsa boemo ba glucose maling, e susumetsa ho tsoa ha eona libakeng tsa polokelo.
Makhopho a pepeseha glucagon ha bongata ba tsoekere maling bo fokotseha. Ntle le moo, eona hammoho le insulin, e thibela tlhahiso ea eona. Ho feta moo, synthesis ea glucagon e eketseha haeba ho na le tšoaetso maling kapa keketseho ea litekanyetso tsa cortisol, ka ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ea 'mele kapa keketseho ea palo ea lijo tsa protheine.
Glucagon e etsa mesebetsi ea bohlokoa 'meleng: e thusa ho phatloha ha glycogen le phallo ea glucose maling. Ntle le moo, e khothalletsa ho phatloha ha lisele tsa mafura le ts'ebeliso ea tsona e le mohloli oa matla. Mme ka ho fokotseha ha tekanyo ea tsoekere e maling, tsoekere e e hlahisa ho tsoa linthong tse ling.
Hormone ena e na le mesebetsi e meng ea bohlokoa:
- e ntlafatsa phallo ea mali maling,
- lowers cholesterol;
- e tsosa bokhoni ba sebete ba ho nchafatsa;
- e thibela nts'etsopele ea edema, kaha e tlosa sodium 'meleng.
Lintho tsena tse peli li na le boikarabello ba ho boloka palo e tloaelehileng ea tsoekere, empa ka tsela tse fapaneng. Ka hona, ho haella ha bona, hammoho le ho fetella, ho ka lebisa ho ferekanyang ha metabolic le ponahalo ea li-pathologies tse fapaneng. Ho fapana le insulin, tlhahiso ea "glucagon" ha e felle feela ho makhopho. Hormone ena e boetse e hlahisoa libakeng tse ling, tse kang mala. Ke 40% feela ea glucagon e hlophisitsoeng ke lisele tsa alpha.
Ka ho ikoetlisa ho eketsehileng, boemo ba tsoekere maling bo fokotseha, 'me makhopho a phahamisa tlhahiso ea tsoekere
Somatostatin
Ena ke hormone e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ea "pancreatic". Mesebetsi ea eona e ka utloisisoa ho tsoa lebitsong - e emisa ho kopana ha lihormone tse ling. Somatostatin e hlahisoa eseng feela ka lisele tsa pancreatic. Mohloli oa eona ke hypothalamus, lisele tse ling tsa methapo le litho tsa tšilo ea lijo.
Somatostatin ea hlokahala ha ho hlahisoa lihormone tse ling tse ngata, e leng se lebisang likhatellong tse fapaneng 'meleng. E liehisa mekhoa e meng, e thibela tlhahiso ea lihormone tse ling kapa li-enzyme. Le ha litlamorao tsa somatostatin li ama feela likarolo tsa ts'ilo le ts'ebetso ea metabolic, karolo ea eona e kholo haholo.
Hormone ena e etsa mesebetsi e latelang:
Tlhahiso ea insulin 'meleng- e fokotsa tlhahiso ea glucagon;
- e liehisa phetoho ea lijo tse chekiloeng ho tloha mpeng ho ea mala;
- e fokotsa mosebetsi oa lero la gastric;
- e thibela secretion ea bile;
- e liehisa tlhahiso ea li-enzymes tsa pancreatic le gastrin;
- e fokotsa ho monya ha tsoekere e ngata lijong.
Ntle le moo, somatostatin ke motsoako o ka sehloohong oa lithethefatsi tse ngata bakeng sa kalafo ea liphoso tse ling tsa lihormone. Mohlala, e sebetsa hantle ho fokotsa tlhahiso e ngata ea lihormone tsa kholo.
Pancreatic Polypeptide
Ho na le lihormone tsa bohlokoa haholo tsa "pancreatic", tse hlahisoang hanyane haholo. E 'ngoe ea tsona ke polypeptide ea pancreatic. E fumanoe haufinyane tjena, kahoo mesebetsi ea eona ha e so fumanehe ka botlalo. Hormone ena e hlahisoa feela ke manyeme - lisele tsa eona tsa PP, hammoho le litoneng. Oa e pata ha o ja lijo tse ngata tsa protheine kapa mafura, o ikitlaetsa matla, o bolaoa ke tlala, hape o na le hypoglycemia e matla.
Bo-rasaense ba hlokometse hore ho batho ba batenya ho na le khaello ea polypeptide ea pancreatic
Ha hormone ena e kenella maling, tlhahiso ea li-enzymes tsa pancreatic e koetsoe, tokollo ea bile, trypsin le bilirubin e ea fokotseha, hammoho le boikhathollo ba mesifa ea gallbladder. Joale, pancreatic polypeptide e boloka li-enzyme mme e thibela tahlehelo ea bile. Ntle le moo, e laola boholo ba glycogen sebeteng. Hoa hlokomeleha hore ka botenya le li-pathologies tse ling tsa metabolic, ho haella ha hormone ena ho bonoa. 'Me keketseho ea boemo ba eona e kanna ea ba sesupo sa lefu la tsoekere kapa li-tumors tse tsamaeang le li-hormone.
Hormone dysfunction
Mekhoa ea ho ruruha le mafu a mang a manyeme a ka senya lisele tseo li-hormone li hlahisoang ho tsona. Sena se lebisa ponahalong ea li-pathologies tse fapaneng tse amanang le mathata a metabolic. Hangata, ka hypofunction ea lisele tsa endocrine, ho haella ha insulin ho bonoa ebe mellitus ea tsoekere e fetoha. Ka lebaka lena, tsoalo ea tsoekere maling e ea eketseha, 'me e ke ke ea ananeloa ke lisele.
Bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea endocrine pancreatic pathologies, ho sebelisoa tlhahlobo ea mali le urine bakeng sa tsoekere. Ho bohlokoa haholo ho buisana le ngaka bakeng sa tlhatlhobo ka tšohanyetso e fokolang ea ho se sebetse ha setho sena, hobane maemong a pele ho bonolo ho phekola li-pathologies leha e le life. Boikemisetso bo bonolo ba boholo ba tsoekere maling bo lula bo sa bontshe tsoelo-pele ea lefu la tsoekere. Haeba lefu lena le belaelloa, ho etsoa liteko tsa biochemistry, liteko tsa mamello ea glucose le tse ling. Empa boteng ba tsoekere maling ka moriring ke sesupo sa hore o na le lefu la tsoekere haholo.
Ho haella ha lihormone tse ling tsa pancreatic ha ho atisehe. Hangata hangata sena se etsahala ha ho e-na le hlahala ea "hormone" e itšetlehileng ka lihormone kapa lefu la palo e kholo ea lisele tsa endocrine.
Makhopho a sefahleho a etsa mesebetsi ea bohlokoa haholo 'meleng. Ha e fane ka tšilo feela e tloaelehileng. Lihormone tse hlahisoang ke lisele tsa eona lia hlokahala hore li fetole boholo ba tsoekere le ho netefatsa metabolism ea carbohydrate.
