Li-insulin tse haufinyane: mabitso a lithethefatsi tse ntlehali

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Ho hlahisoa ha insulin e le mokhoa oa ho phekola lefu la tsoekere kajeno ke ona feela mokhoa oa ho laola hyperglycemia ho lefu la mofuta oa 1, hammoho le mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa insulin.

Phekolo ea insulin e etsoa ka tsela e tla tlisa molumo oa lihormone maling hore e be 'mele ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang.

Ka hona, lithethefatsi tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea ho tlosoa ho tsoa ho lithane tsa subcutaneous li sebelisoa. Li-insulin tse telele li etsisa ho tsoa ha lihormone ka tlase, tse sa amaneng le ho kenella ha lijo ka mpeng, mme li-insulin tse khutšoane le tse khutšoane li thusa ho fokotsa glycemia kamora ho ja.

Insulin ea tlhaho le e hlophisitsoeng

Insulin e bua ka lihormone tse nang le potoloho e fapaneng ea thuto. Qalong lihlekehlekeng tsa pancreatic, e leng liseleng tsa beta, ho thehoa khetla ea li-amino acid tse 110, tse bitsoang preproinsulin. Liprotheine tsa sigal li arotsoe ho eona, li-proinsulin lia hlaha. Protheine ena e kenngoa ka har'a granules, moo e arotsoeng ka C-peptide le insulin.

Tsela e haufi-ufi ea amino acid ke porcine insulin. Sebakeng sa threonine ho eona, ketane ea B e na le alanine. Phapang ea mantlha pakeng tsa insulin ea bovine le insulin ea motho ke masala a 3 a amino acid. Li-antibodies li hlahisoa ka lishoreng tsa liphoofolo 'meleng, tse ka bakang ho hanana le moriana o laetsoeng.

Mokhoa oa kajeno oa ho hlophisa insulin maemong a laboratori o etsoa ho sebelisoa boenjiniere ba liphatsa tsa lefutso. Insulin ea "biosynthetic insulin" e tšoana le sebopeho sa amino acid, e hlahisoa ka theknoloji ea DNA e kopantsoeng. Ho na le mekhoa ea bohlokoa ea 2:

  1. Synthesis ea baktheria e fetotsoeng liphatsa tsa lefutso.
  2. Ho tsoa ho proinsulin e thehiloeng ke bacterium e fetotsoeng liphatsa tsa lefutso.

Phenol ke setlhare se sirelletsang khahlanong le tšoaetso ea likokoana-hloko bakeng sa insulin e telele; insulin e telele e na le paraben.

Morero oa Insulin
Ho hlahisoa ha lihormone 'meleng ho ntse ho tsoela pele ebile ho thoe ke secretion ea basal kapa background. Karolo ea bona ke ho boloka maemo a tloaelehileng a tsoekere ka ntle ho lijo, le ho monya tsoekere e kenang e tsoang ka sebete.

Kamora ho ja, lik'habohaedreite li kenella maling ho tsoa mala ka bongata. Ho e utloisisa ho hloka insulin e eketsehileng. Ho ntšoa hona ha insulin maling ho bitsoa secretion ea lijo (postprandial), hobane ka mor'a lihora tse 1.5-2, glycemia e khutlela boemong ba eona ba pele, 'me e amohetse glucose e kenella liseleng.

Mofuteng oa 1 oa lefu la tsoekere, insulin ha e khone ho etsoa ka lebaka la tšenyo ea autoimmune ea lisele tsa beta. Lipontšo tsa lefu la tsoekere li etsahala nakong ea timetso e batlang e felletse ea lithane tsa islet. Mofuta oa pele oa lefu la tsoekere, insulin e kenngoa matsatsing a pele a lefu lena le bophelo.

Mofuta oa bobeli oa lefu la tsoekere qalong o ka buselisoa ke lipilisi, ka lefu le tsoelang pele, manyeme a lahleheloa ke bokhoni ba ho theha hormone ea hae. Maemong a joalo, bakuli ba kenngoa ka insulin hammoho le matlapa kapa sethethefatsi se ka sehloohong.

Insulin e boetse e laeloa bakeng sa likotsi, ho buoa, ho ima, tšoaetso le maemo a mang moo tsoekere e ke keng ea fokotsoa ka ho sebelisa litafole. Lipakane tse fihletsoeng ka ho hlahisoa ha insulin:

  • Tloaela tsoekere ea mali ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng, hape e thibela ho eketseha ha eona haholo ka mor'a ho ja lik'habohaedreite.
  • Fokotsa tsoekere ea moroto.
  • Tlosa likhahla tsa hypoglycemia le lefu la tsoekere.
  • Boloka boima ba 'mele bo leka-lekaneng.
  • Tloaelehileng metabolism ea mafura.
  • Ho ntlafatsa bophelo ba batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere.
  • Ho thibela khatello ea methapo le methapo ea lefu la tsoekere.

Matšoao a joalo ke tšobotsi ea netefatso e tsoetseng pele ea lefu la tsoekere. Ka puseletso e khotsofatsang, ho felisoa ha matšoao a mantlha a lefu lena, hypo- le hyperglycemic coma, le ketoacidosis hoa tsebahala.

Ka tloaelo, insulin e tsoang ho manyeme e feta hara sistimi ea portal vein, moo e senngoeng halofo, ebe palo e setseng e ajoa 'mele kaofela. Litšobotsi tsa ho kenyelletsa insulin tlasa letlalo li bonahatsoa ka hore e kenella maling le ka mor'a nako, le ka har'a sebete esita le hamorao. Ka hona, tsoekere ea mali e phahamisitsoe ka nako e itseng.

Tabeng ena, ho sebelisoa mefuta e fapaneng ea insulin: insulin e potlakileng, kapa insulin e nkang nakoana, eo u hlokang ho e kenya pele ho lijo, hammoho le litokisetso tsa insulin tse telele (insulin e telele), e sebelisitsoeng makhetlo a 1 kapa a mabeli bakeng sa glycemia e tsitsitseng pakeng tsa lijo.

Insulin e sebetsa joang?

Litokisetso tsa "insulin", joalo ka lihormone tsa tlholeho, li tlama ho li-receptor ho membrane ea sele mme li kenelle le tsona. Ka seleng, tlasa ts'usumetso ea lihormone, ho buloa lintho tse amanang le biochemical. Li-receptor tse joalo li fumanoa liseleng tsohle, 'me liseleng tsa hau tse tobileng ho na le makhetlo a mashome ho feta a tsona. Ho itšetleha ka insulin ho kenyelletsa lisele tsa sebete, adipose le mesifa ea mesifa.

Insulin le lithethefatsi tsa eona li laola hoo e ka bang lihokelo tsohle tsa metabolic, empa phello ho tsoekere ea mali ke ntho e tlang pele. Hormone e fana ka ho sisinyeha ha tsoekere ka har'a membrane ea sele mme e khothaletsa ts'ebeliso ea eona bakeng sa mokhoa oa bohlokoahali oa ho hlahisa matla - glycolysis. Glycogen e thehoa ho tsoa ho glucose bokong, 'me molek'hule oa lisele tse ncha le ona oa fokotsoa.

Litlamorao tsena tsa insulin li bonahala ka taba ea hore boemo ba glycemia bo ea tlase. Molao oa ts'ebetso ea "insulin" le secretion e ts'ehetsoa ke khatello ea tsoekere - boemo ba glucose bo ntseng bo eketseha, le bo ka tlase bo thibela secretion. Ntle le tsoekere, motsoako ona o angoa ke litaba tsa lihormone maling (glucagon le somatostatin), calcium le amino acid.

Matla a metabolism ea insulin, hammoho le lithethefatsi tse nang le litaba tsa eona, a bonahala ka tsela ena:

  1. E thibela ho fokotseha ha mafura.
  2. E thibela ho thehoa ha 'mele oa ketone.
  3. Li-acid tse fokolang tse kenang maling a (li eketsa menyetla ea lefu la atherosclerosis).
  4. 'Meleng, ho phatloha ha liprotheine hoa thibeloa' me motsoako oa tsona o potlakile.

Ho kenella le ho tsamaisa insulin 'meleng

Litokisetso tsa insulin li kenella 'meleng. Ho etsa sena sebelisa li-syringe tse bitsoang li-insulin, lipente tsa syringe, pompo ea insulin. O ka kenya lithethefatsi tlasa letlalo, ka har'a mesifa le ka mothapong. Bakeng sa tsamaiso ea methapo (maemong a komisi), ke li-insulin (li-ICD) tse khutšoane feela tse loketseng, 'me hangata mokhoa o ikhethileng o sebelisoa.

The pharmacokinetics ea insulin e itšetlehile ka sebaka sa ente, litekanyetso, motsoako oa ntho e sebetsang ea lithethefatsi. Hape, phallo ea mali setsing sa ente, ts'ebetso ea mesifa e ka ama sekhahla sa ho kena maling. Ho kenngoa ka potlako ho fanoa ke ente leboteng la ka mpeng, sethethefatsi se kentsoeng mokokotlong kapa ka tlas'a lehetla se kenella ka ho fetesisa.

Meleng, 04-20% ea insulin e tlangoa ke li-globulin, ponahalo ea li-antibodies ho moriana e ka baka karabelo e ntlafalitsoeng ea tšebelisano le liprotheine, 'me ka lebaka leo, ho hanyetsa insulin. Ho hanyetsa li-hormone ho ka etsahala haholo haeba ho laetsoa nama ea kolobe kapa "insulin".

Boemo ba lithethefatsi bo ke ke ba tšoana le ho bakuli ba fapaneng, leha motho a le mong a ka fetoha ka mokhoa o phollatsi.

Ka hona, ha data ea nako ea ts'ebetso le ho felisoa ha halofo ea bophelo e fanoa, li-pharmacokinetics li baloa ho latela lipontšo tse tloaelehileng.

Mefuta e fapaneng ea insulin

Li-insulin, tse kenyelletsang porcine, bovine, bovine, insulin li ne li sa sebelisoe hangata ho hlahisa lithethefatsi tsa maiketsetso - li-analogues tsa insulin ea motho. Ho latela liparamente tse ngata, eo e ka sehloohong e leng allergenicity, insulin e ntle ka ho fetisisa e entsoe ka liphatsa tsa lefutso.

Nako ea ts'ebetso ea litokisetso tsa insulin e arotsoe ka ultrashort le li-insulin tse khutšoane. Li hlahisa secretion ea lihormone tse susumetsang lijo. Motsoako oa nako e mahareng, hammoho le li-insulin tse telele li tšoana le tsa secretion ea hormone. Insulin e khutsoanyane e ka kopanngoa le insulin e telele litokisetsong tsa ho kopanya.

Ke insulin e ntle ka ho fetisisa - e khutsoanyane, e bohareng kapa e telele, e khethoa ke mofuta o le mong oa kalafo ea insulin, ho latela lilemo tsa mokuli, boemo ba hyperglycemia le ho ba teng ha maloetse a kopaneng le lefu la tsoekere.

Sehlopha sa li-insulin tsa ultrashort se khetholloa ke ho qala ka potlako - kamora metsotso e 10-20, tsoekere e fokotseha ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang ka mor'a lihora tse 1-2,5, nako eohle ea phello ea hypoglycemic ke lihora tse 3-5. Mabitso a lithethefatsi: Humalog, NovoRapid le Apidra.

Insulin e khuts'oanyane e sebetsa ka mor'a metsotso e 30-60, phello ea eona e nka lihora tse 6-8, 'me boholo bo bonoa lihora tse 2-3 kamora ho busa. Hoa hlokahala ho enta insulin ka nako e khuts'oane metsotso e 20-30 pele ho lijo, kaha sena se tla fana ka palo e phahameng ea lihormone maling nakong eo tsoekere e fihlelang ho boleng ba eona bo phahameng haholo.

Insulin e khuts'oanyane e fumaneha tlasa mabitso a latelang a lebitso:

  • Actrapid NM, Rinsulin R, Humulin Kamehla (ho lokisa liphatsa tsa lefutso)
  • Khumudar R, Biogulin R (insulin ea insulin).
  • Actrapid MS, Monosuinsulin MK (monocomponent ea nama ea kolobe).

Ke insulin efe eo ho leng molemo ho e khetha lethathamong lena e tla khethoa ke ngaka e nahanang tloaelo ea ho kula, ho beoa ha lithethefatsi tse ling. Ha o sebelisa li-insulin tsa durations tse fapaneng hammoho, ho ka ba molemo haeba u khetha moetsi a le mong. Theko ea lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa insulin e khethiloe ke moetsi.

Insulin e sebetsang ka potlako e bontšoa bakeng sa tsamaiso ea letsatsi le letsatsi pele ho lijo tse ka sehloohong, hammoho le kalafo ea lefu la tsoekere nakong ea mehato ea ho buuoa. Ka litekanyetso tse nyane, moriana ona o sebelisoa ke baatlelete ho aha mesifa, ka ho tepella ka kakaretso, thyrotooticosis, cirrhosis.

Mekhoa ea meriana ea bolelele bo pakeng le ketso e telele e sebelisoa ho boloka standardoglycemia ha insulin e khuts'oane kapa ea ultrashort ha e sebetse.

Litaelo tsa tšebeliso li na le litaelo tse tobileng khafetsa ea taolo ea lithethefatsi tse joalo, hangata li hloka ho shapuoa makhetlo a 1 kapa a mabeli ka letsatsi, ho latela boemo ba glycemia.

Khokahanyo ea tekanyetso ea insulin

Khetho e nepahetseng ea kalafo e lumella bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere hore ba se ke ba tlohela lijo tseo ba li ratang, ntle le lihlahisoa tse nang le tsoekere le phofo e tšoeu. Tatso e monate e ka fumanoa feela ka ho sebelisa tsoekere e tsoekere.

Bakeng sa ho utloisisa mokhoa oa ho bala tekanyetso, e leng betere ho feta insulin, ho sebelisa insulin hantle, lithethefatsi li tloheletsoe ho nahanela dikahare tsa likarolo tsa bohobe tse tloaelehileng (XE). Yuniti e le 'ngoe e nkuoa e lekana le 10 g ea lik'habohaedreite. Li-Units tsa Bohobe, tse baloang ho latela litafole tsa mofuta o itseng oa sehlahisoa, khetha hore na ho lokela ho fanoa ka lethalamo lefe la insulin pele ho lijo.

Hoo e ka bang 1 IU ea insulin e fanoa ka XE e le 'ngoe. Tekanyetso e eketsoa ka ho hanana le lithethefatsi, hammoho le tsamaiso e tšoanang ea lihormone tsa steroid, lithibela-pelehi, Heparin, li-antidepressants le diuretics tse itseng.

Phello ea hypoglycemic ea insulin e ntlafatsoa ke meriana e theolelang tsoekere ka har'a litafole, li-salicylates, li-anabolic steroids le li-androgen, furazolidone, sulfonamides, theophylline, lithethefatsi tse nang le lithium, calcium.

Ethanol e thibela ho thehoa ha tsoekere maling. Mabapi le sena, tšebeliso ea lino tse tahang ka morao ho kalafo ea insulin e lebisa ho boemo bo matla ba hypoglycemic. Ho kotsi haholo ho noa joala ka mpeng e se nang letho.

Malebela mabapi le ho fumana tekanyetso e tloaelehileng ea insulin:

  1. Khokahano e etsoa ka kilo e le 'ngoe ea boima. Ka boima bo feteletseng, coeffanele e fokotsoa ke 0,1, ka ho hloka - ka keketseho ea 0,1.
  2. Bakeng sa bakuli ba nang le mofuta oa 1 mellitus oa tsoekere o sa tsoa fumanoa, likarolo tsa 0,4-0,5 ka kilo e le ngoe.
  3. Mofuteng oa 1 oa lefu la tsoekere, ka puseletso kapa phello e sa tsitsang, tekanyetso e eketsoa ho 0,7-0.8 U / kg.

Tekanyetso ea insulin hangata e eketsoa bakeng sa bacha ka lebaka la secretion e feteletseng ea li-hormone tsa kholo le lihormone tsa thobalano maling. Nakong ea kemaro semeseng ea boraro, ka lebaka la tšusumetso ea lihormone tsa placental le nts'etsopele ea ho hanyetsa insulin, tekanyetso ea lithethefatsi e nchafatsoa ho ea holimo.

Bakeng sa bakuli ba fuoeng insulin, ntho ea bohlokoa ke phetoho ea moriana, ho latela tlhaiso ea tsoekere ea mali kamehla. Haeba boemo ba glycemia kamora ho ja bo feta tloaelo, ka letsatsi le hlahlamang tekanyetso ea insulin e nyoloha ka yuniti e le 'ngoe.

Ho khothalletsoa hang ka beke ho etsa litšoantšo tsa liphetoho tsoekere e maling, ho e lekanya pele le ka mor'a lijo tse ka sehloohong le pele ho nako ea ho robala. Lintlha tse mabapi le glycemia ea letsatsi le letsatsi, palo ea likarolo tsa bohobe tse jeoang, tekanyetso ea insulin e kentsoeng e tla thusa ho lokisa ka nepo mofuta oa kalafo ea insulin ho boloka bophelo bo botle ba mokuli bo nang le lefu la tsoekere.

Insulin e khuts'oane le ea ultrashort e hlalositsoe videong ena.

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