Sehloohong sena, u tla ithuta ka ho hlaka hore na ke mefuta efe ea lefu la tsoekere e teng. Ha re tla bua feela ka mofuta oa "moholo" oa 1 le mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere, empa le mefuta e fokolang e sa tsejoeng ea lefu la tsoekere. Mohlala, lefu la tsoekere ka lebaka la bofokoli ba liphatsa tsa lefutso, hammoho le mathata a metabolic a lik'habohaedreite, a ka hlahisoang ke meriana.
Lefu la tsoekere ke sehlopha sa maloetse (mafu a metabolic) ao ho ona mokuli a nang le tsoekere e phahameng ea mali e sa foleng. Sena se bitsoa hyperglycemia. Sesosa sa ho phehella ha hyperglycemia ho lefu la tsoekere ke hore secretion ea insulin ke manyeme ha e na botsitso, kapa insulin ha e sebetse ka nepo. Mefuteng e meng ea lefu la tsoekere, lintlha tsena ka bobeli li kopantsoe ho mokuli a le mong.
Ho haella ha insulin ho bakoa ke hore makhopho a "e hlahisa" hanyane, kapa ho na le bofokoli karabelong ea lithane ho insulin. Tekanyo e phahameng ea tsoekere ea mali e khutsufatsa bophelo ba motho mme e lebise mathateng le litho tse fapaneng le litsamaiso tsa 'mele. Sena ke 'nete haholo bakeng sa pono (lefu la tsoekere le lefu la tsoekere), liphio (mathata a lefu la tsoekere lipelong), methapo ea mali (angiopathy - tšenyo ea methapo), methapo ea kutlo (lefu la tsoekere) le pelo.
Joale re tla fana ka sehlopha sa lefu la tsoekere le lefu la tsoekere ka mofuta, le ileng la amoheloa ke Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Lefu la Tsoekere ka 2010. Sehlopha sena sa mefuta ea lefu la tsoekere se nkoa e le se phethahetseng haholo ho fihlela joale.
Type 1 lefu la tsoekere
Ka lefu lena, lisele tsa pancreatic beta lia senngoa, 'me sena se lebisa ho haelloang ke insulin' meleng.
A) Mofuta oa 1 oa lefu la tsoekere - lisele tsa beta lia shoa ka lebaka la "tlhaselo" ea boits'ireletso ba 'mele ea bona;
B) Idiopathic - ba rialo haeba sesosa sa lefu la tsoekere se ke ke sa tsejoa.
Type 2 lefu la tsoekere
Ho ka etsahala ka lebaka la nts'etsopele ea khatello e matla ea "tisulin" ea ts'ebetso ea "insulin" - sena se bitsoa ho hanyetsa insulin, mme maemong ana, khaello ea insulin ke "setho".
Lefu la tsoekere la Mofuta oa 2 ha le na taba hangata ka lebaka la tlolo ea molao ea insulin e bakoang ke pancreas, e ntseng e kopantsoe le ho hanyetsa insulin.
Mefuta e meng e ikhethang ea lefu la tsoekere
A) Bofokoli ba liphatsa tsa lefutso mesebetsing ea lisele tsa beta:
- chromosome 12, HNF-1 alpha (MODY-3);
- chromosome 7, glucokinase (MODY-2);
- chromosome 20, HNF-4 alpha (MODY-1);
- chromosome 13, IPF-1 (MODY-4);
- chromosome 17, HNF-1 beta (MODY-5);
- chromosome 2, NeuroD1 (MODY-6);
- DNA ea mitochondrial;
- ba bang.
C) Bofokoli ba liphatsa tsa lefutso ketsong ea insulin:
- mofuta oa ho hanyetsa insulin;
- leprechaunism;
- rabson-mendenhall syndrome;
- lipoatrophic dibet;
- ba bang.
C) Boloetse ba lisebelisoa tsa pancreatic:
- pancreatitis
- ho sithabela maikutlo, pancreatectomy;
- ts'ebetso ea neoplastic;
- cystic fibrosis;
- hemochromatosis;
- fibrocalculeous pancreatopathy;
- ba bang.
D) Endocrinopathy:
- acromegaly;
- Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome;
- glucagonoma;
- pheochromocytoma;
- hyperthyroidism;
- somatostatinoma;
- aldosteroma;
- ba bang.
E) Lefu la tsoekere le hlahisoang ke lithethefatsi kapa lik'hemik'hale
- vaccor (chefo bakeng sa litoeba);
- pentamidine;
- asiti ea nicotinic;
- glucocorticoids;
- lihormone tsa qoqotho;
- diazoxide;
- alpha adrenergic bahanyetsi;
- beta-adrenergic antagonists;
- beta-blockers;
- li-thiazides (thiazide diuretics);
- dilantin;
- alpha interferon;
- proteinase inhibitors (HIV);
- li-immunosuppressants (Tacrolimus);
- opiates;
- atypical antipsychotic lithethefatsi;
- ba bang.
F) Tšoaetso
- congenital rubella;
- cytomegalovirus;
- ba bang.
G) Mefuta e sa tloaelehang ea lefu la tsoekere le methapo:
- rigid human syndrome (melala-monna -syndrom);
- li-antibodies ho li-insulin receptor;
- ba bang.
Li-syndromes tse ling tsa lefutso ka linako tse ling li amanang le lefu la tsoekere:
- Down syndrome;
- Klinefelter syndrome;
- Turner syndrome;
- lefu la tungsten;
- Frederick ataxia;
- Chorea ea Huntington;
- Lawrence-Moon-Beadle syndrome;
- myotonic dystrophy;
- porphyria;
- Prader-Willi syndrome;
- ba bang.
Hlokomela Mokuli ea nang le mofuta o mong oa lefu la tsoekere a ka hloka kalafo ea insulin karolong efe kapa efe ea lefu lena. Hore na mokuli o amohela insulin kapa che, hona e ke ke ea e-ba motheo oa ho arola lefu la hae la tsoekere sehlopheng se le seng kapa se seng.
Lefu la tsoekere
American Diabetes Association e thathamisa lefu la tsoekere la sethoathoa (se etsahetseng ho mosali nakong ea kemolo) e le mofuta o arohaneng. Ha ho na taba hore na mosali o phekoloa ka insulin kapa feela ka lijo, hape le hore na mathata a metabolism ea carbohydrate a lula a le teng kamora ho beleha.
Libeke tse 6 kamora ho fela ha moimana (kapa kamora moo), mosali o lokela ho hlahlojoa bocha le ho abeloa e 'ngoe ea mekhahlelo e latelang:
- lefu la tsoekere
- glycemia e holofetseng;
- mamello ea tsoekere e kulang;
- tsoekere e tloaelehileng ea mali ke Normoglycemia.
