Ho khetholla lefu la tsoekere mathoasong a lefu lena, le pele matšoao a qala, ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa ho hlahloba mafu o lekanang le "hemoglobin" ea "glycated hemoglobin".
Peresente ea glycated ho hemoglobin e felletseng e bonts'a liphetoho tse matla tsoekere ea mali likhoeling tse tharo tse fetileng.
Ho tsoekere ea lefu la tsoekere, ho kgothaletswa ho etsa phuputso e joalo bonyane makhetlo a mane ka selemo e le ho lekola ho nepahala ha tekanyetso ea lithethefatsi ho fokotsa tsoekere.
Ke mang ea bonts'itsoeng tlhaloso ea hemoglobin ea glycated
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) e hlaha ha tsoekere e hokahantsoe le molek'hule ea hemoglobin. Tšebelisano ena e ea lieha empa ha e fetohe. Lebelo la eona ka kotloloho le ipapisitse le hore na glucose e kae e leng serumeng sa mali.
Nako eo bophelo ba hemoglobin e joalo e ka bang likhoeli tse tharo. Ka hona, haeba matsatsing a 120 a fetileng ho bile le keketseho ea tsoekere ea mali, joale boikemisetso ba hemoglobin ea glycated bo tla bonts'a sena.
Teko ea mali bakeng sa HvA1C e etsoa maemong a joalo:
- Tlhahlobo ea lefu la tsoekere le lefu la tsoekere, ho kenyelletsa le karolo ea preclinical sehlopheng sa ba kotsing.
- Ka kalafo ea mofuta oa 1 le mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere ho khetholla matšeliso a glucose.
- Ho hlahloba kotsi ea lefu la tsoekere.
- Bakeng sa tlhatlhobo ea basali nakong ea kemolo.
- Sehlopha sa kotsi bakeng sa lefu le kang lefu la tsoekere la 1 le kenyelletsa bana le bacha bao batsoali ba bona ba nang le lefu la tsoekere ba nang le tšoaetso ea vaerase - rubella, mumps, ts'oaetso ea cytomegalovirus, kuku.
Boithuto ba hemoglobin ea glycated bo bonts'oa lihlopheng tse joalo tse kotsing ea ho theha lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2:
- Age ho tloha ho lilemo tse 40.
- Boima ba mmele o feteletseng.
- Haeba lelapa le ne le na le lefu la tsoekere.
- Haeba boemo bo eketsehileng ba tsoekere maling bo fumanoa.
- Haeba metabolism ea carbohydrate e ne e senyehile nakong ea kemaro, ngoana o ne a hlaha a e-na le boima ba ligrama tse 4,5 kapa ho feta.
- Ka khatello ea mali ea methapo e sa feleng.
- Ha u hlokomela mathata a metabolism ea mafura - cholesterol e phahameng maling.
- Ka ho fetoha ha maemo ka tšohanyetso ho boima ba 'mele.
- Ha u sebelisa lithethefatsi tsa lihormone.
- Bakeng sa mafu a adrenal gland kapa pituitary gland.
- Nts'etsopele ea pele ea atherosclerosis (ho banna pele ho lilemo tse 40, ho basali - 50).
- Nts'etsopele ea Cataract (leru la lense)
- Ka eczema, neurodermatitis, allergic dermatitis.
- Kamora ho pancreatitis e hlobaetsang, ka nako e telele ea ts'oaetso e sa foleng ea manyeme makhophong.
Ntle le moo, maemong ohle a belaello ea lefu la tsoekere, lingaka ha li kenye tharollo bakeng sa ho ithuta hemoglobin ea glycated ho khetholla tlhahlobo. Haeba mokuli a e-na le matšoao a joalo:
- Ho nyorisa lenyora.
- Ho ntša metsi haholo, haholo bosiu.
- Letlalo le omeletseng.
- Ho kuta moriri le ho thella.
- Letlalo la ho hlohlona le makhopho a fapaneng.
- Bothata ba ho folisa maqeba.
- Ho fokolloa ke matla a pono.
- Boroala, ho longoa ke likarolo tse fapaneng tsa 'mele, haholo-holo menoana.
- Tsotsi.
- Tloaelo ea mafu a tšoaetsanoang a tšoaetsanoang kapa a fungal khafetsa (thrush, mycoplasmosis, gardnerellosis).
- Ha ho phekoloa lefu la tsoekere, ho khothalletsoa ho hlahlojoa khafetsa tekanyetso ea hemoglobin ea nako le nako ho hlahloba ho nepahala ha kalafo e boletsoeng. Sena ha se hlakole tlhahlobo ea mali bakeng sa tsoekere, empa eu lumella ho khetholla marotholi a sa laoleheng nako e telele.
Ho ipapisitse le hore na u ka boloka bophelo bo botle joang le boemo ba tsoekere bo khothalletsoang, khafetsa thutong ena e ikemiselitse. Ka karolelano, ho khothalletsoa makhetlo a mabeli ho isa ho a mane ka selemo.
Ha ho khethoa boleng ba 'moho ba' ona ka hara lilaboratori, ho sebelisoa mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho sekaseka; ka hona, ho khothaletsoa ho bona matla a pontšo ena ka laboratoring e le 'ngoe.
Kotsi ea ho ba le lefu la tsoekere e itšetlehile ka ho toba ka boemo ba tsoekere. Ka hona, ho fokotseha ha hemoglobin ea glycated esita le 1% e fokotsa kotsi ea kholo. Nephropathy (Tšenyo ea liphio le nts'etsopele ea mosebetsi o sa lekaneng) ka 44%.
Li-retinopathies (liphetoho tse tsoang ho retina, tse lebisang bofofu) ka 35%. Ho bolaoa ke mathata a lefu la tsoekere ka 25%.
Ka nako e ts'oanang, li-endocrinologists, haholo-holo ho batho ba tsofetseng, ha li batle ho fihlela boemo bo loketseng, kaha sena se lebisa kotsing ea ho theoha ha tsoekere maling, esita le bothateng bo kang glycemic coma. Ka hona, ho batho ba baholo, tloaelo e phahame ka 10% ho feta boleng bo holimo.
Bocheng bo mafolofolo, hemoglobin e nang le glycated e lokela ho bolokoa ka har'a litekanyetso tsa bona tse tloaelehileng, hona ho tiisa ts'ebetso e ntle le thibelo ea kholo ea mathata a lefu la tsoekere.
Nakong ea kemolo, nalane ea mokokotlo oa li-hormone le kutloisiso ea mesifa ho insulin li ka fokotseha ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea lihormone tse hlahisoang ke placenta.
Glucose e tloaelehileng ea mali ho basali ba baimana ha ea lokela ho feta 5.1 mmol / L. Haeba boemo bona bo phahame, empa bo sa fete 7.8 mmol / L, basali ba fumanoa ba e-na le lefu la tsoekere. Mofuta ona oa lefu la tsoekere o ka tsamaisana le ho ima, empa kamora ho hlaha, metabolism ea carbohydrate e khutlela ho tloaelehileng.
Ka hona, ho ithuta ka kotsi ea ho ba le lefu la tsoekere, basali ba baimana ba bontšoa tlhahlobo ea hemoglobin ea glycated le tlhahlobo ea mamello ea glucose libekeng tse 22-25 tsa boimana.
Ntle le moo, boemo ba HBA1C bo laoloa haholo ho basali ba baimana ba nang le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2, haholo-holo ba nang le ts'ebetso ea mokokotlo oa mokokotlo, ka khatello e phahameng ea mali, kapa haeba cholesterol e phahameng e fumanoa maling.
Boikemisetso ba hemoglobin ea glycated ho basali le tlhahlobo ea liphetho
Ho lekola boemo ba hemoglobin e glycated ho na le melemo ho feta mekhoa e meng ea ho etsa lipatlisiso:
- E ka etsoa ka nako efe kapa efe ea letsatsi.
- Ha ho na boitokisetso ba pele bo hlokahalang.
- Sephetho sa hlahlobo ha se angoe ke maemo a sithabetsang, serame, lipapali, phepo e nepahetseng, joala.
- Letšoao le ka tšeptjoa ebile le felisa ho khopamisoa ka boomo.
- Nako ea basali ea ho ilela khoeli, karolo ea eona ha e na taba nakong ea thuto.
- Letšoao le bontša ho feto-fetoha ha maemo a tsoekere nako e telele ho fapana le hore maemo a phahame.
- E lumella kalafo ea prophylactic ka kotsi ea ho ba le lefu la tsoekere kapa mathata a lona.
Liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ha li fapana ka lilemo kapa bong. Tloaelo ea hemoglobin ea glycated ho basali le banna e nkoa e le sesupo ho tloha ho 4,5% ho isa ho 6,5%. Ha letšoao le tsoa liperesente tse 5,5 ho isa ho tse 7, lefu la tsoekere le tšoaetsanoang, ena ke letšoao le tšepahalang la phokotso ea mamello ea tsoekere.
Puseletso ea tsoekere ea mali ho basali ba sebelisang kalafo ka lithethefatsi tsa hypoglycemic e hlahlojoa ke matšoao a latelang a HBa1C:
- 7-8% - matšeliso a matle;
- 8-10% - matšeliso a lekaneng;
- 10-12% - puseletso e batlang e lekana;
- ho feta 12% - lefu la tsoekere ha le na thupelo.
Ntle le lefu la tsoekere, ho eketseha ha hemoglobin e nang le lefu la tsoekere ho angoa ke khaello ea tšepe, ho tlosa lesapo la mokokotlo le litholoana tse mpe tse hlahisoang ke "hemoglobin" e ntseng e eketseha. "Fetal hemoglobin" e ka hlaha maling a basali nakong ea kemolo, mafu a mali, ka lebaka la khaello ea oksijene liseleng.
Hape, letšoao la HvA1C le ka eketseha ha o nka tekanyetso e kholo ea acetylsalicylic acid, khaello ea vithamine B 12, ts'ebeliso e sa feleng ea lithethefatsi tsa opium, joala le ho se sebetse hantle ha methapo.
Nakong ea kemolo, likhahla tsa tsoekere ea mali li ka eketseha, hona ho hloka tlhahlobo e eketsehileng ea tlhahlobo. Tloaelo ho basali ba hemoglobin ea glycated nakong ena e fetelletse mme thuto ha e na sebopeho ho fihlela ho likhoeli tse 8 tsa moimana.
Mehatong ea morao, tsoekere e feteletseng ea tsoekere e maling e bonts'a ts'abo ea tsoalo ea lesea le leholo le boima ba li-kilo tse fetang 4,5 le tlolo ea molao ea "carbohydrate metabolism" ho ngoana ea e-so hlahe.
Hemoglobin ea Glycated e ka fokotseha tlas'a maemo a latelang:
- Fokotsa tsoekere ea mali ka overdose ea insulin kapa matlapa ho theola tsoekere.
- Lijo tsa nako e telele tsa carb kapa ho itima lijo.
- Ho ikoetlisa ka matla.
- Le maloetse a lefutso - Herce, Forbes, lefutso la lefutso la lefutso.
- Tšenyo ea lisele tse khubelu tsa mali le anemia ea hemolytic.
- Ho lahleheloa ke mali haholo, ho buuoa ka ho pharaletseng.
- Haeba ho bile le tšelo ea mali likhoeling tse tharo tse fetileng.
- Ha u nka erythropoietin, litokisetso tsa tšepe, vithamine B 12, ascorbic acid le vithamine E.
- Ho mafu a sebete a sa foleng - hepatitis, mafura a hepatosis.
- Ha o etsa kalafo ea antiviral ka ribavirin.
- Haeba mali a e-na le triglycerides e phahameng (metabolite e fokotsang mafura).
- Nakong ea kemolo.
Ka litšobotsi tsohle tse ntle tsa mokhoa ona oa tlhahlobo, e boetse e na le mathata. Tsena li ka kenyelletsa theko e phahameng haholo ea tlhahlobo le ho se khonehe bakeng sa baahi ba libaka tse nyane.
Bakeng sa bakuli ba nang le lefu la tsoekere le ba maemong a kotsi bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea lona, boikemisetso ba hemoglobin e glycated e lumella kalafo e nepahetseng mme e thibela nts'etsopele ea mathata a tebileng a lefu lena. Sena, hammoho le lijo tse nang le carb e tlase le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tse khothalletsoang, li ka ntlafatsa boleng ba bophelo.
