Litafole tsa Cholesterol tsa Basali le Banna

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Boithuto bo bongata bo paka hore moetlo oa cholesterol ea mali ke ntho ea bohlokoa ho thibela mafu a pelo le methapo. Mokhoa oa rona oa bophelo le phepo e nepahetseng botsofaling li ama ka kotloloho bophelo bo botle ba rona botsofaling. Batho ba lilemo tse 55, ba qetileng lilemo tse fetang leshome ba phela ka k'holeseterole e phahameng, ba na le menyetla e mene ea ho se atlehe ho pelo ho feta lithaka tsa bona, tse ileng tsa boloka cholesterol ea bona e tloaelehile ka linako tsohle. Cholesterol ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea mali a rona. Boemo ba eona bo latela lintlha tse ngata: lilemo, bong le mekhoa. Nahana hore na ke matšoao afe a nkoang e le tloaelo, le hore na a ka a fihlella joang.

Mefuta ea Cholesterol

Cholesterol ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea mabota a sele, e teng 'meleng oa liphoofolo tsohle. K'holeseterole ena e hlokahala bakeng sa ho haha ​​li-membrane tsa sele, motsoako oa li-acid acid le vithamine D. E boetse e nka karolo ho hlahiseng lihormone tse ngata: estrogen, cortisol, testosterone le tse ling. Boholo ba cholesterol (75-80%) e entsoe 'meleng oa rona. Ka lijo ha ho na ho feta 20%.

Cholesterol ke insulin e se nang mafura maling a motho. Ho etsa bonnete ba hore o tsamaisoa ka lijana ho isa liseleng tsohle tsa 'mele, tlhaho e fane ka liprotheine tse ikhethileng tse hlahisang metsoako e rarahaneng le cholesterol - lipoprotein.

Lefu la tsoekere le khatello e matla e tla ba ntho ea khale

  • Ts'oarelo ea tsoekere -95%
  • Ho felisoa ha vein thrombosis - 70%
  • Ho felisa ho otla ha pelo e matla -90%
  • Ho tlosa khatello e phahameng ea mali - 92%
  • Keketseho ea matla mots'eare, ho ntlafatsa boroko bosiu -97%

Hona le mefuta e fapaneng ea lipoprotein:

  1. Sekhahla se tlase (LDL ka bokhuts'oane, LDL e kanna ea bonts'oa litlhahlobisong). Sena ke cholesterol, e amang boemo ba methapo ea mali hampe, ka maemo a bitsoa "e mpe." Ho fapana le mefuta e meng, LDL e senngoa habonolo, cholesterol e tlasa maboteng a methapo ea mali mme e ba le li-plaque ho eona. Ha bophahamo ba LDL bo feta se tloaelehileng, ho tla ba bonolo le ho feta hore liphetoho tsa atherosulinotic li be teng.
  2. Sekhahla se phahameng (se khutsufalitsoeng joaloka HDL, ka mofuta oa HDL). Ena ke "cholesterol" e ntle. Ha a etse feela li-plagius tse amanang le lefutso, empa o boetse oa li loantša: hloekisa cholesterol e mpe marakong a methapo, ka mor'a moo a tlosoe maling ka thuso ea sebete. Haeba HDL e tloaelehile, likepe li tla phela hantle.

K'holeseterole e felletseng maling ha e fane ka tlhaiso-leseling e lekaneng ho ahlola mathata a bophelo bo botle. Sa bohlokoa le ho feta ke ho leka-lekana pakeng tsa mefuta e 'meli. Tlolo ea tekanyo ena e bitsoa dyslipidemia. Ha ho na matšoao a dyslipidemia, a ka fumanoa feela ka laboratoring. Bakeng sa sena, ho etsoa tlhahlobo ea mali ea biochemical "Lipids", "Lipidogram" kapa "Lipid profil".

Maemong a sa tloaelehang, ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng ho ka belaelloa haeba motho a e-na le li-xanthomas - li-nodule tse nyane tsa mosehla. Ka tloaelo li fumaneha tlasa letlalo matsohong, maotong, matheong, ho potoloha mahlo. Mathateng a maholo, k'holeseterole e kenngoa ka lehlakoreng le leng la cornea ea leihlo, e etsa mokoloko o khanyang.

Litekanyetso tse tsitsitseng

Ho tseba hore na ke cholesterol efe e tloaelehileng ea mali e bolokehileng bakeng sa bophelo bo botle, re ile ra tlameha ho etsa liteko tsa mali ho bakuli ba likete. Kamano e fumanoe pakeng tsa lipontšo tsena ka lilemo, bong, boemo ba lihormone, morabe, esita le nako:

  1. Tloaelo ho batho ba baholo e phahame ho feta lilemong tsa bocha le tsa bana.
  2. Botsofaling, boemo ba cholesterol boa eketseha, athe menyetla ea li-pathologies tsa vascular e eketseha. Ho feta moo, cholesterol ho banna botsofaling e na le tlase, mme ho basali e hola ho fihlela qetellong ea bophelo.
  3. Litefiso tse tloaelehileng ho basali ba bacha li phahame ho feta ho banna. Leha ho le joalo, ba na le kotsi e fokolang ea atherosclerosis, e amanang le litšobotsi tsa semelo sa lihormone tsa mosali.
  4. Haeba synthetic ea hormone e senyehile, ka mohlala, ka hypothyroidism, moetlo oa cholesterol o tla feta.
  5. Ho basali ba baimana le karolong ea bobeli ea ho ilela khoeli, cholesterol e phahame haholo ho feta e tloaelehileng.
  6. Ha ho qala ho ilela khoeli, cholesterol ho basali e phahama haholo.
  7. Mariha, litheko ho ba bong ka bobeli li nyoloha ka 3%.
  8. Batho ba Europe ba na le cholesterol e phahameng haholo ho feta batho ba Asia.

Ho ke ke ha khoneha ho latela likamano tse rarahaneng joalo, ka hona ke moetlo sebakeng sa basebetsi ho bapisa sephetho le litafole tse nolofalitsoeng tse elang hloko feela lilemo kapa lilemo le bong. Likarolo tse peli tsa litekanyo li ka sebelisoa: mmol / l; mg / dl. 1 mg / dl = 38.5 mmol / L.

Mohlala oa tafole e joalo ka lilemo:

MongoahaTloaelo ea k'holeseterole e felletsengMohl)
mmol / lmg / dl
ho fihla ho 102,9<>112<>
ho tloha ho 10 ho isa ho 193,1<>119<>
ho tloha ho 20 ho isa ho 293,2<>123<>
ho tloha ho 30 ho isa ho 393,6<>139<>
ho tloha ho 40 ho isa ho 493,8<>146<>
ho tloha ho 50 ho isa ho 594,1<>158<>
ho tloha ho 60 ho isa ho 694,1<>158<>
ho tloha ho 703,7<>142<>

Melao e tloaelehileng e tloahelehileng bakeng sa batho ba baholo ha e phahame ho feta 7 mmol / L (270 mg / dl) bakeng sa cholesterol eohle, 5 mmol / L (≈200 mg / dl) bakeng sa "hampe".

Ka kopo elelloa hore tafole e bonts'a meeli e tlase ea maemo ka lilemo. Ho haelloa ke k'holeseterole maling ha ho bonolo haholo ho feta ho fetella, empa ha ho kotsi. Ho haella ha lipoprotein ho kotsi tsamaisong ea methapo, ho ka ama semelo sa lihormone le ts'ebetso ea nchafatso ea lisele. Lisosa tsa tlolo ena ke maloetse a sa foleng a sa foleng, likotsi tse mpe, khaello ea mali, meriana (li-hormone tse ling, li-immunomodulators, li-antidepressants).

Tloaelo bakeng sa banna

Angina pectoris, ho nyekeloa ke pelo le mafu a mang a pelo ka tloaelo ho nkoa e le a banna. Ho thobalano e matla, kamano pakeng tsa cholesterol e phahameng le atherosulinosis e bonahala hantle ho feta ho basali. Letšoao le tloaelehileng ho banna le tlase bocheng, kamora lilemo tse 30 li eketseha haholo.

Lintlha tse mabapi le boleng bo amohelehang ba lipoprotein li bokelloa tafoleng:

MongoahaLDLHDLKakaretso ea k'holeseterole
ho fihla ho 301,7<>0,8<>3,2<>
ho tloha ho 30 ho isa ho 392<>0,7<>3,6<>
ho tloha ho 40 ho isa ho 492,3<>0,7<>3,9<>
ho tloha ho 50 ho isa ho 592,3<>0,7<>4,1<>
ho tloha ho 60 ho isa ho 692,2<>0,8<>4,1<>
ho tloha ho 702,3<>0,8<>3,7<>

Tloaelo bakeng sa basali

Tloaelo ea k'holeseterole maling a basali, ho fanoa ka datha ka lilemo:

MongoahaLDLHDLKakaretso ea k'holeseterole
ho fihla ho 301,5<>0,8<>3,2<>
ho tloha ho 30 ho isa ho 391,8<>0,7<>3,4<>
ho tloha ho 40 ho isa ho 491,9<>0,7<>3,8<>
ho tloha ho 50 ho isa ho 592,3<>0,7<>4,2<>
ho tloha ho 60 ho isa ho 692,4<>0,8<>4,4<>
ho tloha ho 702,5<>0,8<>4,5<>

Ho ile ha fumaneha hore ho thata haholo ho bala hore na ho na le lipoprotein tse kae tse tloaelehileng ho basali, kaha ho tlola ka mokokotlong oa lihormone ho ama maemo a cholesterol haholo. Hammoho le ho qala ho ea khoeli, boemo ba lipid bo mpefala haholo. Haeba ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli ho bakoa ke ho buuoa, liphetoho le tsona li tebile ho feta.

Bakeng sa basali ba lilemo tsa ho ba le bana, kamano lipakeng tsa cholesterol e phahameng ea mali le mathata a pelo e hlalosoa hantle ho feta basali ba baholo, ka hona, litloaelo tsa tafole li thata. Ho feta moo, bofokoli ba HDL ho basali ba bonyenyane bo nkuoa bo le kotsi ho feta tekano ea LDL.

Tloaelo bakeng sa bana

Li-lipids tsa mali hangata li fetisoa ho litho tsa lelapa le le leng. Karolo ea bohlokoa ho sena e bapaloa ke maemo a haufi a bophelo le litloaelo, phepo e tšoanang. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le lebaka la lefutso. Liphatsa tsa lefutso li tsejoa ka hore na bokamoso ba "dyslipidemia" bo fetisoa ho tloha ho motsoali ho ea ho ngoana.

Halofo ea bana ba fumaneng mefuta e mebe e tsoang ho e mong oa batsoali ba bona k'holeseterole e feteletseng nakong ea ho ba motho e moholo. Ho na le monyetla oa hore ba be le lefu la pelo ea coronary ka lilemo tse 65.

Khetho e boima le ho feta ke ho fumana hore na batsoali ba ka rera lintho joang esale pele. Maemong ana, ho kheloha ho hoholo ha cholesterol ho tloha ho tloaelehileng ho fumanoe ho setse bongoaneng, infarction ea myocardial e ka etsahala o sa le monyane.

Haeba bonyane e mong oa batsoali o na le keketseho e mpe ea lipids tsa mali, ho khothalletsoa hore bana bohle ba nke liteko.

K'holeseterole e lokela ho ba eng ho bana:

BongMongoahaLDLHDLKakaretso ea k'holeseterole
Bashemaneho fihla ho 5--3<>
ho tloha ho 5 ho isa ho 91,6<>1<>3<>
ho tloha ho 10 ho isa ho 141,7<>1<>3,1<>
ho tloha 151,6<>0,8<>2,9<>
Bananaho fihla ho 5--2,9<>
ho tloha ho 5 ho isa ho 91,8<>0,9<>3,3<>
ho tloha ho 10 ho isa ho 141,8<>1<>3,2<>
ho tloha 151,5<>0,9<>3,1<>

Sehlopha sa likotsi

Tloaelo e fetisisang ea "cholesterol" e mpe "maling a motho ke litholoana tsa lintlha tse 'maloa:

  1. Lilemo tse 45 bakeng sa banna, 55 ke basali.
  2. Khatello e eketsehileng (holimo ≥ 140) kapa khatello e tloaelehileng ka ts'ebeliso e tsoelang pele ea lithethefatsi tse antihypertensive.
  3. Fokotseha molemong oa "cholesterol" e ntle "ho 1 mmol / l le ka tlase." Mona kamano e sa lumellaneng e bonoa: haeba HDL e phahame ho feta 1.6, hangata motho o ba le cholesterol e tloaelehileng ea LDL.
  4. Ho tsuba, botahoa.
  5. Heredity: Ho netefalitse boemo bo phahameng ba cholesterol ho batsoali, ts'oaetso ea lefu la pelo le ho bona ka tlase ho lilemo tse 60.
  6. Boteng ba maloetse: hypothyroidism, lefu la tsoekere, lefu la gallstone.
  7. Tšebeliso ea nako e telele ea lithethefatsi tse eketsang cholesterol ea mali: li-inhibitors tsa MAO, diuretics, interferon, jj.
  8. Kamehla maemo a phahameng a mafura a liphoofolo lijong.
  9. Mosebetsi oa ho phomotsa, mosebetsi o tlase, bakuli ba robalang betheng.
  10. Ho Nona Haholo
  11. Khatello ea kelello khafetsa, maikutlo a fetisisang ho maikutlo esita le esita le li-irriter tse nyane.

Mekhoa ea Cholesterol Normalization

Bakuli ba khelohileng lipoprotein ho tsoa ho tloaelo ba fuoa tlhahlobo e tebileng. Etsa bonnete ba hore u fana ka mali ho likaroloana tsa cholesterol e le ngoe ho bona hore na ke mefuta efe e ammeng keketseho ea cholesterol e felletseng. Boemong ba bobeli, mafu a ka amang cholesterol ea mali ha a qheleloe ka thoko. Ho etsa sena, etsa tlhahlobo ea biochemical: mali bakeng sa tsoekere, protheine e felletseng, uric acid, creatinine, TSH. Haeba mafu a kopaneng a fumanoa, aa phekoloa.

Cholesterol e ka fihlelleha ka litsela tse peli.: Mokhoa oa bophelo oa fetoha le lithethefatsi tse fanoang ke ngaka tse theolang LDL, hangata li-statins. Lipalo li hole le lithethefatsi tse seng kotsi. Li na le li-contraindication tse ngata, litlamorao tse sa thabiseng. Ka hona, pele ho tsohle, ba qala ka kalafo e seng ea lithethefatsi ea dyslipidemia, mme ke feela ka ho se sebetse hantle ha mekhoa ena, li-statins li laetsoe le ho feta.

Mekhoa ea ho fihlella maemo a tloaelehileng a LDL maling:

  1. Ho khaotsa ho tsuba ka ho felletseng le ho qoba ho tsuba ka ho fetelletseng. Ho hana joala.
  2. Pheko ea meriana ka khatello e matla.
  3. Ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele ho tloaelehileng ka ho fokotsa ho kenella ha khalori.
  4. Meroalo, e lula e le moeeng o mocha kapa sebakeng se nang le moea o mongata. Mofuta le mokhoa oa koetliso o ikemiselitsoe ke ngaka, ho nahanela mafu a teng.
  5. Lijo tse fokotsang lipid.

Melao-motheo ea phepo:

Litaba tsa khaloriFokotsa boteng ba boima bo feteletseng, bo baloang ho nahanela ho ikoetlisa.
Mokhoa oa ho phehaHo pheha, ho pheha ntle le oli. Ho hana lijo tse halikiloeng.
MafuraLioli tsa meroho li ka nooa ho fihlela ho 40 g ka letsatsi. Likhetho tse ntle ke soy, soneblomo, mohloaare. Takatso ea mafura a mafura a mangata (botoro, nama e mafura, soseji) e fokotseha ho 7% ea lihlahisoa tsohle tsa khalori. Khetholla lijo tse nang le k'holeseterole e phahameng: offal, caviar, lijo tsa leoatleng, letlalo la linonyana, mafufa. Mahe a linonyana ha a na meeli, empa ha a qheleloe ka thoko, kaha a na le lintho tse kenang le k'holeseterole e kentsoeng likepeng.
Lik'habohaedreiteHo fihlela ho 60% ea khalori, ho raloa lik'habohaedreite tse rarahaneng: likomkomere, litholoana, meroho.
Omega 3Ba leka ho eketsa ts'ebeliso ea khafetsa ka ho kenyelletsa lijana tsa tlhapi (haholo-holo liphoofotsoana tsa leoatleng) lijong kapa ka ho sebelisa litlhare tsa litlhare.
Fafatsa limelaBonyane 20 g ka letsatsi. Fibre e sebetsa joalo ka brashi, e tlosa li-cholesterol amana le methapo ea mali.
Sterols ea limelaLintho tsena tsa tlhaho, joalo ka cholesterol, maemo a HDL a tlaase maling. E na le linate, oli ea meroho, lijo-thollo.

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