Synthesised ka mokhoa o ikemetseng ke 'mele ho adrenal cortex kapa lihormone tse entsoeng ka li-steroid tse entsoeng ka tumellano, glucocorticoid e etselitsoe ho thibela baemeli ba tšoaetso.
Bongaka bo khethile karohano ea li-glucocorticoids ho latela mokhoa oa ts'ebeliso, ts'ebetso, matla a ts'ebetso, ho latela tsela ea tsamaiso.
Li-glucocorticosteroids tse tsoang ho motho li hlokahala ho thibela mohopolo oa ho ruruha, o sa sebelisoeng hangata bakeng sa allergy kapa joalo ka moriana oa immunosuppression.
Li-steroid tsa tlhaho
Tlas'a tšusumetso ea tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng le gland ea pituitary, sekhechana sa lihormone se hlophisitsoe ka har'a crenex ea adrenal, e reretsoeng ho boloka maemo a akaretsang nakong ea khatello ea maikutlo, metabolism e tloaelehileng, le ho felisa foci ea ho ruruha. Linako tse fapaneng tsa letsatsi li ama tlhahiso ea hormone e itseng.
Cortisol
Li-steroid tse latelang tsa tlhaho li khethollotsoe:
- cortisol (hydrocortisone) e hlahisoa nakong ea khatello ea maikutlo, e etselitsoeng ho tsosa matla a sebetsang a 'mele ho mamella maemo a sithabetsang. Ho sithabela maikutlo khafetsa ho lebisa ho cortisol e ngata, e tlatsetsang ho bokelleng boima bo feteletseng, ho beoa ha mafura mahetleng le thekeng, khatello ea maikutlo, khathatso ea boroko, ts'ebetso ea masapo le ts'ebetso ea ho ikatisa. Cortisol e tlase ea mali e lebisa ho lahleheloa ke boima ba 'mele, ho theola khatello ea mali, ho thothomela ha liphello, matšoenyeho;
- cortisone E entsoe ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le cortisol, empa ka bongata bo fokolang. Morero oa eona ke ho matlafatsa mekhoa ea metabolic, ho matlafatsa ts'ebetso ea mesifa. Sena se fokotsa ts'ebetso ea kelello, ts'ireletso ea tlhaho ea 'mele, mosebetsi oa tšilo ea lijo.
Keketseho e tloaelehileng ea nako e telele kapa ea nakoana ea cortisol e ka etsahala bakeng sa mmele: nakong ea ngoana ha a beleha basali, kamora ho tsoa likotsi kapa tšoaetso, khatello ea maikutlo ea nako e telele, mokhathala o matla oa mmele.
Pherekano e phahameng ea lihormone maling e bonoa hoseng, hoo e ka bang lihora tse 8, butle-butle li fokotseha motšehare, ebe li fihla bonyane ka 3 hoseng.
E beiloe ka laboratoring
Bakeng sa kalafo ea mafu a itseng, ho thusa maemong a sithabetsang, le taolo ea lits'ebetso tsa metabolic, li-glucocorticoids li ile tsa etsoa ka boiqapelo. Mosebetsi oa bona o tšoana le oa tlhaho, li sebelisetsoa tlhahiso e sa lekanang ea lihormone 'meleng.
Tloaela litokisetso tsa glucocorticoid ho latela sepheo sa bona le phello ea 'mele. Likhamphani tsa meriana li ne li emetse lihormone liphatlalatsong tse fapaneng, tse fapaneng ka sebopeho sa baemeli ba tlatsetso, le kholisong ea ntho ea mantlha.
Matlapa a Prednisone
Li-glucocorticoids tse se nang fluor:
- betamethasone. E na le phello ea vasoconstrictor, e ama metabolism le metabolism ea BZHU. E hlahisoa e le ho emisoa kapa tharollo ea entetso. E sebelisoa bakeng sa ho ruruha, ho imolla metsoako ea mafu le ho hlohlona ha letlalo. E na le meriana: Beloderm, Betazone, Betaspan, Diprospam, Celederm, Celeston;
- prednisone. E sebelisoa ho imolla mokhoa o bohloko oa ho kulisa, maemo a ho tšoha, o na le matla a bohareng a ketso. Karolelano ea li-glucocorticoids tsa sehlopha sena ho latela mokhoa oa kopo li arotsoe ka: molomo, injectable, parenteral. E hlahisoa ke lithethefatsi: Prednisolum, Medopred, Decortin;
- methylprednisolone. E sebelisoa e le ntho ea inhibitory ea leukocytes le macrophages ea lithane. Phekolo e etsoa ka molomo le ka botsoali, e sebetsa ka mafolofolo le mafu a endocrine. Mekhoa ea phekolo e nang le lihormone: Medrol, Metipred.
Ho li-glucocorticoids tse entsoeng ka fluorated li kenyelletsa:
- dexamethasone. E khona ho kenella ka har'a ts'ebetso ea methapo e bohareng, e fanang ka phello ea immunosuppress le anti-inflammatory. E fumaneha ka liente, matlapa, marotholi a mahlo. Lithethefatsi ke lihormone, ka lebaka leo, bakuli ba ba le ts'ebetso e mpe tsamaisong ea lihormone, lits'ebetso tsa metabolic le phetoho maemong a maikutlo. E na le meriana: Dexazone, Dexamed, Mexicoidex;
- triamcinolone. E etselitsoe phekolo ea ramatiki ea autoimmune, psoriatic, gouty le rheumatoid arthritis, hypercalcemia ho neoplasms e mpe. E hlahisoa ka mefuta ea molomo, e ka kenang, e inhaled, ea lehae. Ntho ea mantlha ea lithethefatsi: Kenalog, Berlicort, Polcortolone, Triacort.
Tšebeliso ea li-corticosteroids tsa maiketsetso
Ho ba le phello ea lehae kapa e akaretsang 'meleng, lithethefatsi tse nang le li-glucocorticoids li ka fumanoa ka mokhoa oa litafole, litlolo, marotholi, liente. Mosebetsi oa bona o moholo ke ho tsamaisa ponahatso ea moo lintho li kulang, ho felisoa ha ts'oaetso, le ho fana ka phello e matlafatsang. Ho latela mokhoa oa kopo, li-glucocorticoids li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse 2: litlamorao tsa lehae le tsa tsamaiso.
Setlhare sa Betamethasone
Sehlopha sa 1 - ho pepeseha lehae:
- bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea letlalo (ole, phofo, tranelate): Mometasone, Betamethasone, Fluocinolone Acetonide;
- marotholi a mahlo, litsebe: Betamethasone;
- inhalation: budesonide, flunisolid, Pruticasone propianate;
- entraarticular ente: Betamethasone;
- Kenyelletso ea lithane tsa periarticular: Hydrocortisone.
Sehlopha sa 2 - li-glucocorticoids tse hlophisehileng:
- Hydrocortisone (sethethefatsi se sebetsang (LS) - Cortef);
- Prednisone;
- Prednisone;
- Methylprednisolone;
- Dexamethasone;
- Triamcinolone;
- Betamethasone.
Glucocorticosteroids e thibela ho tlama ha immunoglobulin ho lisele tsa methapo, ho thibela lipontšo tsa mafu. Lithethefatsi tsa Hormonal li sebelisoa ha ho hlaha karabelo e matla ea allergic: edema ea Quincke, ho tsitsipana ha anaphylactic, urticaria. Ka linako tse ling e sebelisoa bakeng sa ho felisoa ha lintho tsa tlhaho sebakeng seo.
Ka bokhoni ba ho hatella boits'ireletso, li-glucocorticoids li sebelisoa ka katleho ho transplantology. Ho fokotseha ha mesebetsi ea ts'ireletso ho thibela ho hana ha lisele tse fetisitsoeng.
Ka ho hatella mosebetsi oa phospholipase, phello e khahlanong le ho ruruha ea corticosteroids ea atleha. Ho fokotseha ha tlhahiso ea mokelikeli ka lebaka la ho fokotsoa ha marang-rang a capillary ho lebisa ho fokotseha ha liponahatso tse ntle. Pholoso e etsahala ka lebaka la ho eketseha ha microcircular lesion.Ho sa tsotellehe karohano, li-glucocorticoids tsa tlhaho le tsa maiketsetso li na le pharmacology e tšoanang, phello ea tsona ea kalafo ke:
- phetoho (ka ho haella ha lihormone);
- pathogenetic (anti-inflammatory, anti-shock, immunosuppression, anti-allergic);
- hatella (khatello ea tlhahiso ea corticoliberin, e ikarabellang bakeng sa lipontšo tsa matšoenyeho) ts'ebetso.
Liphello tse mpe
Lithethefatsi tsa tšimoloho ea li-hormone li na le litlamorao tse ntle kalafong mme li na le litlamorao tse mpe.
Ho bohlokoa ho tsamaisa mofuta oa kalafo tlasa taolo e tiileng ea ngaka, ntle le kalafo.
Lintho tse sa rateheng ke lipontšo tse kang tsoekere e eketsehileng maling le ho ba teng ha tsoekere ka har'a moroto. Steroid lefu la tsoekere le bakoang ke ho nka karolo ha li-hormone ho metabolism ea lik'habohaedreite ho kotsi haholo.
Ho nka karolo ho sa tsotelleng ha li-steroid ho metabolism ea protheine ho lebisa ho phatloheng ha mesifa ea mesifa. Ho hlahisoa ha kollagen e fokotsehileng ho baka botsofe ba letlalo, ho fokotsa turgor ea eona. Khatello ea motsoako oa protheine e ama sebopeho sa lisele tse ncha, tse bohlokoa ha o folisa maqeba le ho khaola.
Kameho ea li-glucocorticoids ho metabolism ea mafura e lebisa ho ajoeng ha asymmetric ea lithane tsa adipose 'meleng. Bakuli ba na le lisele tse fokolang tsa mafura maotong, empa sekhahla se holisitsoeng molaleng, sefahlehong, sefubeng.
Ts'ebeliso e khutšoane ea li-steroid ha e kenyeletse ts'ebetso ea methapo ea pelo le pelo.
Tšebeliso e telele ea Haphazard ea lithethefatsi tse tsoang mohloling oa lihormone e etsa hore ponahalo ea khatello ea mali, mafu a pelo.
Litla-morao li ka kenyelletsa ho hloka boroko, ho akheha kelellong, ho ts'oaroa ke sethoathoa ho bakuli, seso sa ka mpeng, ho hola butle ho bana, lefu la masapo le manonyeletso. Ponahatso ea lehae e sa ka ea hlokomela li-candidiasis tsa nasopharynx, hoarseness, khohlela, ho tsoa mali ha mucous membrane ho ka etsahala.
Livideo tse amanang
Thuto mabapi le bohlokoa ba glucocorticosteroids ho tsa bongaka:
Tlhahlobo e qaqileng ea li-glucocorticoids e fana ka setšoantšo se felletseng sa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tse nang le li-steroid. Lihormone tse entsoeng ka mokhoa o ikemetseng li nka khato e tobileng ntoeng e khahlanong le sepheo sa tšoaetso kapa microflora ea pathogenic. Litekanyetso li nyane tsa ntho li etsa hore lefu le be le molemo ntle le mathata a tsoang litsong tse ling tsa 'mele.
