K'holeseterole e phahameng ea mali e lebisa ho thehoeng ha liathomo tsa methapo ea kutlo. Kamora nako, mekhoa ena e ka koala methapo, eo hangata e qetellang ka ho ba le stroke kapa ho otloa ke pelo.
Ka hona, motho e mong le e mong o lokela ho tseba hore na serum cholesterol e nkoa e tloaelehile hakae. Lekola boemo ba cholesterol e sebelisang liteko tse fapaneng tsa laboratori.
Ho fumana sephetho sa lipatlisiso, u tlameha ho utloisisa pele hore na cholesterol ke eng. Ho bohlokoa hape ho tseba sekhahla sa joala bo mafura maling.
Cholesterol ke eng mme hobaneng e ntse e hola?
Cholesterol ke joala le mafura a monohydric. Ntho ke karolo ea likarolo tsa seleng, e ameha tlhahisong ea lihormone tsa steroid, e khothaletsa motsoako oa li-acid acid le vithamine D.
Cholesterol e teng linthong tsohle tsa 'mele le lisele tse maemong a lokolohileng kapa joalo ka esters tse nang le mafura acid. Tlhahiso ea eona e etsahala seleng e 'ngoe le e' ngoe. Mefuta e etellang pele ea lipalangoang maling e na le lipoprotein tse tlaase le tse phahameng.
Plasma cholesterol e fumaneha ka sebopeho sa esters (ho fihlela ho 70%). Tsena li entsoe ka liseleng ka lebaka la karabelo e ikhethileng kapa plasma ka lebaka la mosebetsi oa enzyme e itseng.
Bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba motho, li-lipoprotein tse fokolang tse kotsi tse kotsi. Mabaka a ho ata ha bona maling a ka fetoha le ho fetoha.
Ntho e etellang pele e lebisang keketseho ea matšoao a k'holeseterole ke mokhoa o seng kotsi, haholo-holo, lijo tse sa lokelang (tšebeliso e tloaelehileng ea lijo tsa mafura tsa liphoofolo), botahoa, ho tsuba, ho hloka mesebetsi ea 'mele. Hape, le liphetoho tse mpe tsa tikoloho li ka eketsa boemo ba LDL maling.
Lebaka le leng la kholo ea hypercholesterolemia le boima ba 'mele, bo atisang ho tsamaisoa eseng feela ka tlolo ea metabolism ea lipid, empa hape le carbohydrate, ha motho a e-na le keketseho ea khatello ea matla a mali. Sena hangata se lebisa ponahalong ea lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 2.
Ntho e sa hlasimoloheng e bakang keketseho ea cholesterol maling ke semelo sa tlhaho le mehla.
Maemong a tsoetseng pele, hypercholesterolemia e tla tlameha ho phekoloa bophelo bohle. Maemong ana, mokuli o tla hloka ho latela lijo tse khethehileng kamehla le ho ja li-statins.
Bakeng sa ho thibela nts'etsopele ea atherosulinosis, ho nyekeloa ke pelo le stroke, ho hlokahala ho ela hloko matšoao a 'maloa ka nako e nepahetseng, a ka bonts'a boemo bo phahameng ba cholesterol. Matšoao a ka sehloohong a mathata a metabolism ea lipid:
- Sebopeho sa matheba a mosehla letlalong haufi le mahlo. Hangata, xanthoma e thehoa ka tlhaho ea tlhaho.
- Angina pectoris e hlahang ka lebaka la mokokotlo oa methapo ea pelo.
- Ho utloa bohloko lipheletsong tse bang teng nakong ea boikoetliso ba 'mele. Letšoao lena hape ke phello ea ho fokola ha methapo ea mali e fang mali matsohong le maotong.
- Ho hloleha ha pelo, ho hola ka lebaka la khaello ea phepelo ea oksijene.
- Leqeba le hlahang ka lebaka la ho rusolla li-plaque tsa methapo ea methapo tse tsoang maboteng a methapo, tse lebisang ho bopeng sekoaelo sa mali.
Khafetsa, maemo a cholesterol a phahama ho batho ba nang le mafu a itseng. Ka hona, hypercholesterolemia hangata e tsamaisana le lefu la tsoekere le li-pathologies tse ling tsa pancreatic, hypothyroidism, mafu a sebete, liphio, pelo.
Bakuli ba joalo ba lula ba le kotsing, ka hona, ka linako tse ling ba lokela ho hlahloba boemo ba cholesterol maling le ho tseba tloaelo ea bona.
Tloaelo ea k'holeseterole
Maemo a k'holeseterole ea Serum a ka fapana ho latela lilemo, bong le boemo ba 'mele ka kakaretso. Empa lingaka li re meeli e lumelletsoeng ha ea lokela ho feta 5.2 mmol / L. Leha ho le joalo, le haeba boemo ba cholesterol e le 5.0 mmol / L, sena ha se bolele hore mokuli o na le metabolism ea lipid, hobane khatello ea cholesterol e felletseng ha e fane ka tlhaiso-leseling e nepahetseng.
Litaba tse tloaelehileng tsa k'holeseterole maling ka karolo e itseng ke matšoao a fapaneng. Boikemisetso ba bona bo etsoa ho sebelisoa tlhahlobo ea lipid.
Ka hona, tekanyetso e felletseng ea cholesterol ho plasma ea mali e tloha ho 3,6 ho isa ho 5.2 mmol / L. Hypercholesterolemia e fumanoa haeba bongata ba joala bo mafura maling bo tsoa ho 5.2 ho isa ho 6,7 mmol / L (ha e na thuso), 6.7-7.8 mmol / L (bohareng), ho feta 7.8 mmol / L (boima).
Tafole e bonts'ang k'holeseterole e amohelehang ka botlalo, ho latela lilemo le bong:
Mongoaha | Monna | Mosali |
Lesea (1 ho isa ho 4 lilemo tse) | 2.95-5.25 | 2.90-5.18 |
Bana (ba lilemo li 5-15) | 3.43-5.23 | 2.26-5.20 |
Bacha, ba lilemong tsa bocha (ba lilemo li 15-20) | 2.93-5.9 | 3.8-5.18 |
Motho e moholo (ea lilemo tse 20-30) | 3.21-6.32 | 3.16-5.75 |
Bohareng (lilemo tse 30-50) | 3.57-7.15 | 3.37-6.86 |
Moholo (lilemo tse 50-70) | 4.9-7.10 | 3.94-7.85 |
Ke maqheku (kamora lilemo tse 70-90) | 3.73-6.2 | 4.48-7.25 |
Hoa hlokomeleha hore bakeng sa batho ba nang le lefu la ho phekola lefu la tsoekere, lefu la tsoekere, mafu a pelo (ischemic syndrome) le bakuli ba nang le lefu la ho nyekeloa le pelo, tloaelo ea cholesterol ea tlhaho e lokela ho ba tlase ho 4,5 mmol / L.
Ka mafu a joalo, kalafo e khethehileng ea hypolpidemic e laetsoe.
Mefuta ea liteko tsa cholesterol
Bongaka bo fana ka litsela tse ngata tsa ho tseba hore na cholesterol e kae maling. E 'ngoe ea tlhahlobo e tsebahalang haholo ke mokhoa oa Ilka.
Molao-motheo oa lipatlisiso o thehiloe 'neteng ea hore cholesterol e sebetsoa ka reagent e khethehileng ea Lieberman-Burchard. Ka ts'ebetso eo, k'holeseterole e lahleheloa ke mongobo ebe e fetoha hydrocarbon e sa koaheng. E sebetsana le aneticride ea acetic, e fetoha e tala, matla a eona a bonoang ke FEC.
Tlhahlobo ea bokahohleng ho latela mokhoa oa Ilk e ka tsela e latelang: reagent ea Lieberman-Burchard e tšeloa ka har'a tube ea liteko. Ebe butle butle le ka bonolo madi a se nang hemolyzed (0,1 ml) a eketsoa ka sejelong.
Chubini e tsukutloa ka makhetlo a 10 ebe e kenngoa kahare ho metsotso e 24. Kamora nako e abetsoeng, mokelikeli o motala o putsoa ka mebala ho FEK. Ka ho felloa ke matla, boleng ba k'holeseterole bo tsejoa ho g / l ho ea ka sekhutlo se tloaelehileng.
Mokhoa o mong o tsebahalang oa ho hlahloba hore na cholesterol ke eng, ke tlhahlobo ea mali a biochemical. Phuputso ena e boetse e senola matšoao a metabolism ea carbohydrate, protheine le lipid metabolism.
3-5 ml ea mali a tsoang mothapong e nkuoa ho mokuli hore a e hlahlojoe. Ka mor'a moo, biomaterial e romeloa laboratoring bakeng sa ho etsa lipatlisiso.
Tlhahlobo ea biochemical e khetha cholesterol e felletseng maling. Ka kakaretso, pontšo ha ea lokela ho feta 5.6 mmol / l.
Hangata, boemo ba cholesterol bo baloa ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa Zlatix-Zack. Lintho tse latelang li sebelisoa e le li-reagents:
- phosphate asiti;
- chloride e nonneng;
- asiti ea acetic;
- sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
Li-reagents li kopantsoe 'me mali a li ekeletsoa. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea oxidative, e fumana e 'ngoe ea li-hues tse khubelu.
Liphetho li hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa sekala sa lifoto. Noma ea cholesterol ho latela mokhoa oa Zlatix-Zack ke 3.2-6.4 mmol / l.
Maemong a mang, ho hlahloba k'holeseterole e le 'ngoe ha ho na ho lekana, ka hona mokuli o beoa profil ea lipid. Ena ke thuto e felletseng ea metabolism ea cholesterol 'meleng, e u lumellang hore u ithute ka boemo ba likaroloana tsohle le ho lekola likotsi tsa ho ba le atherosclerosis.
Lipidogram e lekanya bolelele ba matšoao a latelang:
- Kakaretso ea k'holeseterole.
- Li-lipoprotein tse phahameng haholo. Palo eo e etsoa ka ho tlosa cholesterol e felletseng ea likarolo tse tlase tsa boima ba molek'hule. Tloaelo ea HDL ho banna e batla e le 1,68 mmol / l, ho basali - 1,42 mmol / l. Tabeng ea dyslipidemia, litheko li tla ba tlaase.
- Li-lipoprotein tse fokolang haholo. Palo ea cholesterol e mpe e khethoa ka ho sekaseka sedum ea mali e sebelisa pyridine sulfate. Tloaelo ea LDL - ho fihlela ho 3,9 mmol / l, haeba matšoao a phahame haholo - sena se bontša nts'etsopele ea atherosclerosis.
- VLDL le triglycerides. Mekhoa e tummeng ea ho bona hore na lintho tsena li sebetsa hakae e thehiloe ho motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale o sebelisang glycerol, chromotropic acid, acetylacetone. Haeba boemo ba VLDL le triglycerides bo feta 1,82 mmol / l, ho ka etsahala hore mokuli a be le methapo ea pelo.
- Setsoalle sa Atherogenic. Boleng bo khetholla karolelano ea HDL ho LDL maling. Ka tloaelo, pontšo ha ea lokela ho ba tse fetang tse tharo.
Teko ea mali bakeng sa k'holeseterole e hlalositsoe videong ena.