Phekolo ea insulin e na le sebopeho, hobane mosebetsi oa mantlha oa kalafo ke ho lefella mathata a amanang le metabolism ea carbohydrate ka ho hlahisa moriana o khethehileng tlasa letlalo. Motsoako o joalo o ama 'mele hammoho le insulin ea tlhaho e hlahisoang ke manyeme. Maemong ana, kalafo e tletse kapa e na le leeme.
Har'a litlhare tse sebelisoang bakeng sa lefu la tsoekere, e 'ngoe e ntle ka ho fetisisa ke insulin Isofan. Setlhare sena se na le "insulin" ea enjene e entsoeng ka liphatsa tsa batho tsa nako e telele.
Sesebelisoa se fumaneha ka mefuta e fapaneng. E tsamaisoa ka mekhoa e meraro - ka mokhoa o ikhethileng, ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le kahare. Sena se lumella mokuli hore a khethe khetho e molemohali ea ho laola boemo ba glycemia.
Matšoao a sebelisang le mabitso a khoebo ea lithethefatsi
Tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi e bontšoa mofuta oa lefu la tsoekere le itšetlehileng ka insulin. Ho feta moo, kalafo e lokela ho ba bophelo bohle.
Insulin e le Isofan ke lithethefatsi tse entsoeng ka liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa motho tse hlalositsoeng maemong a joalo:
- mofuta oa 2 lefu la tsoekere (motho ea itšetlehileng ka insulin);
- mekhoa ea ho buoa;
- ho hanyetsa li-agents tsa hypoglycemic tse nkiloeng ka molomo e le karolo ea kalafo e rarahaneng;
- lefu la tsoekere (ge ho sa sebelisoe katleho ea kalafo ea ho ja);
- psychologist
Likhamphani tsa meriana li hlahisa insulin ea tlhaho ea motho tlasa mabitso a fapaneng. Tse tummeng ke Vozulim-N, Biosulin-N, Protafan-NM, Insuran-NPH, Gensulin-N.
Mefuta e meng ea isofan insulin e sebelisoa ka mabitso a latelang a khoebo:
- Insumal;
- Humulin (NPH);
- Pensulin;
- Isofan insulin NM (Protafan);
- Actrafan
- Insulidd H;
- Biogulin N;
- Protefifi ea Protafan-NM.
Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore tšebeliso ea lebitso leha e le lefe la insulin Isofan le lokela ho lumellanoa le ngaka.
Ketso ea pharmacological
Insulin ea motho e na le phello ea hypoglycemic. Setlhare se kenella le li-receptor tsa membrane ea sele ea cytoplasmic, e etsa motsoako oa "insulin-receptor". E kenya ts'ebetsong lits'ebetso tse etsahalang kahare ho lisele mme e kopanya li-enzymes tsa mantlha (glycogen synthetase, pyruvate kinase, hexokinase, jj.).
Ho theola khatello ea tsoekere ho etsoa ka ho eketsa sephethe-phethe sa eona, ho theola sekhahla sa tlhahiso ea tsoekere ke sebete, ho khothaletsa ho monya le ho monya tsoekere e eketsehileng ka lithishu. Hape, insulin ea motho e kenya ts'ebetsong liprotheine, glycogenogeneis, lipogeneis.
Nako ea ts'ebetso ea moriana e itšetlehile ka lebelo la ho monya, mme e bakoa ke lintlha tse fapaneng (sebaka sa tsamaiso, mokhoa le lethal dose). Ka hona, katleho ea "insulin" ea insulin e ka ba likhohola ho mokuli a le mong le balemi ba bang ba lefu la tsoekere.
Hangata kamora ho ente, phello ea lithethefatsi e bonoa kamora lihora tse 1.5. Tlhōrō e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea ts'ebetso e etsahala lihoreng tse 4-12 kamora tsamaiso. Nako ea ketso - letsatsi le le leng.
Kahoo, botlalo ba ho monya le ho qala ha ts'ebetso ea moemeli ho latela lintlha tse kang:
- sebaka sa ente (buttock, serope, mpa);
- mafolofolo metsoako ea;
- litekanyetso.
Litokisetso tsa insulin ea motho li ajoa ka mokhoa o sa lekanang liseleng. Ha li kenelle ka har'a placenta ebile ha li kenngoe lebese la matsoele.
Li senngoa ke insulinase haholo maling le lipong, e pepesitsoeng le liphio ka bongata ba 30-80%.
Tekanyetso le tsamaiso
Litaelo tsa ho sebelisoa ka insulin Izofan e re hangata e tsamaisoa ka mokhoa o ikhethileng ho fihlela makhetlo a 2 ka letsatsi pele ho lijo tsa hoseng (metsotso e 30-45). Maemong ana, o hloka ho fetola sebaka sa ente letsatsi le leng le le leng 'me o boloke seratsoana se sebelisitsoeng ka mocheso oa kamoreng, le se secha sehatsetsing.
Ka linako tse ling sethethefatsi se tsamaisoa ka mokhoa o kopaneng. Mokhoa o kenelletseng oa ho sebelisa insulin e sebetsanang le maemo ha o sebelisoe.
Litekanyetso li baloa ka kotloloho ho mokuli e mong le e mong, ho ipapisitsoe le boemo ba tsoekere ea tsoekere mehloling ea likokoana-hloko le hore na lefu lena le joang. E le molao, litekanyetso tse tloaelehileng tsa letsatsi le letsatsi li tloha ho 8-24 IU.
Haeba bakuli ba le hypersensitivity ho insulin, joale palo e nepahetseng ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea lithethefatsi ke 8 IU. Ka ts'ebetso e mpe ea li-hormone, litekanyetso li eketseha - ho tloha ho 24 IU ka letsatsi.
Ha bophahamo ba letsatsi le letsatsi ba sehlahisoa se feta 0,6 IU ka kilo e le 'ngoe, joale liente tse peli li etsoa likarolong tse fapaneng tsa' mele. Bakuli ba nang le tekanyetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea 100 IU kapa ho feta ba lokela ho kena sepetlele haeba insulin e nkeloa sebaka.
Ho feta moo, ha ho fetisoa ho tloha ho mofuta o mong oa sehlahisoa ho ea ho se seng, ho hlokahala hore ho hlahlojoe se tsoekere.
Likarabo tse fapaneng
Ts'ebeliso ea insulin ea motho e ka baka lipontšo tsa mafu. Hangata, ke angioedema (hypotension, phefumoloho, feberu) le urticaria.
Hape, ho feta tekanyetso ho ka lebisa ho hypoglycemia, ho bonahatsoang ke matšoao a latelang:
- ho hloka boroko
- ho fifala ha letlalo;
- Ho sithabela maikutlo
- hyperhidrosis;
- tshabo
- mmuso o thabileng;
- pelo lippitations;
- hlooho e bohloko
- pherekano ea letsoalo;
- mathata a vestibular;
- tlala
- thothomelo le lintho.
Litla-morao li kenyeletsa lefu la tsoekere le hyperglycemia, e bonahatsoang ke ho sosobanya sefahleho, ho otsela, takatso e fokolang ea lijo le lenyora. Hangata, maemo a joalo a hlaha khahlano le semelo sa mafu a tšoaetsanoang le feberu, ha ente e lahlehile, litekanyetso li fosahetse, mme haeba lijo li sa lateloe.
Ka linako tse ling ho etsahala hore motho a be le letsoalo. Maemong a thata, ho hlaha boemo bo botle le bo soabisang.
Qalong ea kalafo, ho ka ba le mathata a nakoana mesebetsing ea pono. Keketseho ea karolo ea litopo tsa anti-insulin e boetse e lemohuoa ka ho eketseha ho tsoelang pele ha glycemia le karabelo ea immunological ea sebopeho se nang le insulin ea motho.
Khafetsa sebaka sa ente se ea ruruha le ho hlohlona. Tabeng ena, li-hypertrophies kapa li-atrophies tse ka tlas'a mafura. Mehatong ea pele ea phekolo, ho ka hlaha litlolo tsa nakoana tsa ho ikatisa le ho ruruha.
Haeba ho na le lithethefatsi tse ngata tsa li-hormone, tsoekere ea mali e theoha haholo. Sena se baka hypoglycemia, 'me ka linako tse ling mokuli o oa o akheha.
Haeba tekanyetso e fetisitsoe hanyane, o lokela ho nka lijo tse nang le carb e ngata (chokolete, bohobe bo tšoeu, moqolo, lipompong) kapa ho noa seno se se monate haholo. Tabeng ea ho tepella, tharollo ea dextrose (40%) kapa glucagon (s / c, v / m) e fuoa mokuli ho / ka.
Ha mokuli a hlaphoheloa, ho hlokahala hore a mo fepe lijo tse nang le lik'habohaedreite tse ngata.
Sena se tla thibela ho khutla ha hypoglycemic le komello ea glycemic.
Puisano le litlhahiso tsa bohlokoa
Ho emisoa bakeng sa tsamaiso ea sc ha ho sebelisoe ka tharollo ea lithethefatsi tse ling. A sebedisana tsamaiso le sulfonamides, Ace / Mao / k'habone anhydrase, NSAIDs, ethanol inhibitors, anabolic steroid, chloroquine, androgens, quinine, bromocriptine, pirodoksin, tetracyclines, litokisetso lithium, clofibrate, fenfluramine, Ketonozolom, Tsiklofosvamidom, theophylline, mebendazole natefisa hypoglycemic sebediswa.
Ho fokola ha ts'ebetso ea hypoglycemic ho kenya letsoho ho:
- Li-blockers tsa H1-histamine receptor;
- Glucagon;
- Somatropin;
- Epinephrine;
- GCS;
- Phenytoin;
- lithibela-pelehi tsa molomo
- Epinephrine;
- Ma-estrogens;
- calcium antagonists
Ntle le moo, ho fokotseha ha tsoekere ho baka tšebeliso e kopaneng ea Isofan insulin e nang le loop le thiazide diuretics, Klondin, BMKK, Diazoxide, Danazol, lihomone tsa qoqotho, li-antidepressants tsa li-tricyclic, li-audiathomimetics, Heparin le sulfinpyrazone. Nikotine, matekoane le morphine le tsona li eketsa hypoglycemia.
Pentamidine, beta-blockers, Octreotide le Reserpine li ka ntlafatsa kapa tsa fokolisa glycemia.
Litlhokomelo tsa tšebeliso ea insulin ea Isofan ke hore motho ea nang le lefu la tsoekere o lokela ho lula a fetola libaka moo ente ea insulin e tla fuoa. Ntle le moo, tsela feela ea ho thibela ponahalo ea lipodystrophy.
Khahlano le semelo sa kalafo ea "insulin", o hloka ho beha leihlo tsoekere e ngata khafetsa. Ntle le moo, ho kopanya tsamaiso le tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tse ling, lintlha tse ling li ka baka hypoglycemia:
- lefu la tsoekere le ho hlatsa;
- phetiso ea lithethefatsi;
- ho ikoetlisa ho eketsehileng;
- maloetse a fokotsang tlhoko ea hormone (ho fokola hoa masapo le ho fokola ha sebete, hypofunction ea tšoelesa ea qoqotho, pituitary gland, jj.);
- ho ja lijo tse seng molaong;
- phetoho ea sebaka sa ente.
Tekanyetso e sa nepahalang kapa ho ema hanyane pakeng tsa ente ea insulin ho ka kenya letsoho kholisong ea hyperglycemia, haholo-holo ka lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1. Haeba phekolo e sa fetoloe ka nako, ka nako e 'ngoe mokuli o ba le komello ea ketoacidotic.
Ntle le moo, phetoho ea tekanyetso ea hlokahala haeba mokuli a le kaholimo ho lilemo tse 65, o na le tšoelesa ea qoqotho, a liphio kapa ea sebete. Ho hlokahala hape bakeng sa hypopituitarism le lefu la Addison.
Ho feta moo, bakuli ba lokela ho tseba hore litokisetso tsa insulin ea motho li fokotsa mamello ea joala. Mehatong ea pele ea kalafo, ha ho ka etsoa pheko, maemo a sithabetsang, ho ikoetlisa ka matla, ha ho hlokahale ho khanna koloi le mekhoa e meng e rarahaneng kapa ho etsa lintho tse ka bang kotsi tse hlokang hore ho be le khatello e eketsehileng le lebelo la karabelo.
Bakuli ba baimana ba lokela ho nahana hore ka nako ea pele trimester tlhokeho ea insulin e ea fokotseha, 'me ho 2 le 3 e ea eketseha. Hape, palo e nyane ea hormone e ka hlokahala nakong ea mosebetsi.
Litaba tsa pharmacological tsa Isofan li tla tšohloa videong ena.
